The aim of this study was to prepare an implant material enabling a slow, gradual and gentle release of risedronate. Such material was designed to allow the sorption of large...
Bisphosphonates are drugs that are used to treat osteoporosis that causes the low mineral density of the bones. These drugs can be delivered in several ways, but each method has disadvantages. Materials with high potential as carriers of these drugs are zeolites with divalent ions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of divalent cations (calcium, magnesium, zinc) and drug type (risedronate, zoledronate) on sorption and release of the drug for osteoporosis. It was proved that drug sorption occurs on all zeolites presented in this work. Risedronate sorption was highest in zinc zeolite and lowest in calcium zeolite. In the case of zoledronate, sorption was most effective in magnesium zeolite and the least effective in zinc zeolite. Very large differences in drug release profiles were also observed. Risedronate was released several times longer than zoledronate. The diversity of the results indicates that the examined materials can be used in different types of drug delivery systems. They can be used, for example, intravenously or in the form of implants due to the different release profiles. Furthermore, the proposed carriers also release magnesium and calcium ions which are used in the prevention of osteoporosis, and zinc ions which have antibacterial properties.
There is a strong need to search for more effective bisphosphonates carriers which will lead to increased bioavailability of bone tissue engineering. Montmorillonite and calcium montmorillonite were used as risedronate...
The most popular drugs used to prevent osteoporosis that causes low mineral density and weakened microstructure of bones are bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonates can be administered in several ways, but each delivery method has drawbacks. Due to this, new methods of their delivery are being sought. Titanium implants coated with calcium titanate were prepared in this work as carriers for bisphosphonates. Such a modification has been proposed in order to improve the therapeutic properties of the implant. Slow release of the drug at a constant level will positively affect the recovery process and osteointegration. Furthermore, the drug will be slowly released very close to the area affected by osteoporosis. These studies were confirmed, using a variety of methods: EDS and XPS (to examine surface modification and drug sorption), Raman mapping (to proof the presence of the drug on the entire surface of the material) and UV‐VIS spectroscopy (to determine bisphosphonate sorption and release profile). It was proved that the active substance (sorbed on the implant) could be completely released upon contact with body fluids within a month. The obtained results will allow for the production of endoprostheses dedicated to patients with osteoporosis in the future.
Monolithic materials based on silica and hydroxyapatite was applied as tool for investigation of interactions between bone and potential antiresorptive drugs. First type of material was created on the basis of tetramethyl orthosilicate and trimethoxymethylsilane. Second type of material contained additionally chitosan in its structure. Ceramic fraction of monoliths was prepared in two ways: by incorporation of hydroxyapatite during crosslinking or by using soaking method (hydroxyapatite mineralization on the surface). Monolithic materials were prepared in two different forms: in the form of a cylinder and as a filling of a needle for monolithic in‐needle extraction (MINE) device. Several techniques were applied to evaluate the properties of 19 prepared materials: energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, which allowed to confirm and characterize occurred hydroxyapatite layer. Sorption–desorption investigation, with the sodium risedronate as test compound, was made with using ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, to assess the affinity of the bisphosphonate for the ceramic layer of the material as a bone substitute. One of 15 prepared MINE devices exhibits sorption ability of risedronate equal to 97%.
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