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The commercial samples of aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L. and Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) were tested for antimicrobial activity. The activity of the extracts with different polarity was tested against a panel of microorganisms, including laboratory strain Helicobacter pylori NCTC 12868. The tested extracts showed a moderate activity. The extracts of O. vulgare were more active against bacteria, especially against Gram positive bacteria with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 62.5 and 125 µg/mL, than the extracts of O. basilicum which were active against Candida albicans (MIC 125 µg/mL). Cyclohexane extract of O. vulgare did not show any activity against tested H. pylori, while all other tested extracts were active with MICs between 250 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL. Identified and quantified rosmarinic acid and other polar compounds could be active antibacterial compounds in these spices.

Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of cyclohexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Cantharellus cibarius were tested. Broth microdilution assay was performed against 10 bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus feacalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella abony), with emphasis on Helicobacter pylori. Methanol extract was the most active against H. pylori strains with minimal inhibitory concentration values between 4 and 32 μg/mL. All extracts were active against antibiotic resistant H. pylori. Methanol and aqueous extracts had no cytotoxicity against tested cell lines, whereas cyclohexane and dichloromethane extracts were active against HeLa and N87 cells, but also against healthy MRC-5 cells (IC 39.26 ± 1.24-134.79 ± 0.01 μg/mL). The tested aqueous extracts have shown 68% of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity in doses of 1.25 mg/mL. Chemical analysis has shown the presence of linoleic, cis-vaccenic, and oleic acids, sterols, β-glucans, and polyphenolic compounds.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a modern medical condition characterized by central obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. The beneficial effects of mushrooms in lowering the symptoms of MS were known from both traditional and conventional medicine. Edible mushrooms, their extracts, polysaccharide fractions and isolated compounds possessed hypoglycaemic, cholesterol and triglyceride lowering ability, hypotensive effects, as well as weight managing activity by influencing satiety. The most active compounds are polysaccharides, called β-glucans, as well as lectines and small compounds such as eritadenin, triterpenes, sterols and phenolic compounds.

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Nutrition value, as well as macro-and microconstituents of three edible mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes, Macrolepiota procera) collected in Serbia were tested. It has been determined that all three mushroom samples were low in energy, fat and carbohydrates, but rich in β-glucans content. The most abundant elements in these three mushrooms were essential marcroelements Ca, K and P, but also there is a significant amount of Li, Se and Zn. On the other hand, toxic elements, such as Pb, As and Cd were also detected in level higher than allowed.

Three seaweeds (Halimeda tuna, Codium bursa and Cystoseira barbata) and one seagrass (Cymodocea nodosa) were collected from the Coast of Montenegro, Gulf of Boka Kotorska and their chemical analysis was performed. In seagrass C. nodosa, three phenolic compounds were identified (diosmetin 7‐sulfate, caftaric and coutaric acid). The content of β‐glucan, fatty acids, sterols and micro‐ and macro‐elements were investigated among all samples. The highest content of β‐glucan was detected in C. nodosa seagrass (13.04±0.42 g/100 g). The highest polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) level was reported in C. barbata, the brown alga (7.157 mg/g), which also had the significant sterol content (fucosterol, 21.76±0.1 μg/g). Green algae, C. bursa and H. tuna, showed the highest level of sterols (β‐sitosterol, 95.21±0.16 μg/g and 73.90±0.08 μg/g, respectively). H. tuna had the highest content of calcium (Ca) in amount of 55125 μg/g. In C. bursa, C. barbata and C. nodosa, the Na/K ratio was low (0.43, 0.46 and 0.69, respectively).

Gljive i Helicobacter pylori infekcija Kratak sadržaj: Helicobacter pylori je Gram negativna bakterija koja kolonizira želudac skoro polovine svetske populacije. Infekcija želuca ovom bakterijom dovodi do hroničnog gastritisa i peptičkog ulkusa. Duga infekcija bakterijom H. pylori može da dovede do razvoja gastričnog kancera. Zbog toga je eradikacija H. pylori veoma važna, ali je otežana jer se rezistencija na antibiotoke, posebno metronidazol i klaritromicin, povećava. Zbog toga su jedinjenja sa antimikrobnim delovanjem koja nisu antibiotici veoma važna u tretmanu H. pylori infekcije, naročito ukoliko deluju na H. pylori sojeve koji su rezistentni na antibiotike. Biljke i gljive predstavljaju veoma važne izvore jedinjenja sa antimikrobnim delovanjem. Dosadašnja istraživanja gljiva, pokazala su da gljive Pseudonocardia sp. CL38489, Phanerochaete velutina CL6387, Hericium erinaceus, Fomes fomentarius i Antrodia camphorata mogu biti značajan izvor jedinjenja sa aktivnošću protiv bakterije H. pylori. Različite grupe hemijskih jedinjenja mogu biti odgovorne za ispoljenu antibakterijsku aktivnost, uključujući fenole i beta-glukane. Pored antibakterijske aktivnosti, značajan mehanizam delovanja sastojaka pečuraka protiv bakterije H. pylori je i inhibicija adhezije bakterije za gastrični epitel.