Parental sense of competence is one of the central dimensions targeted on psychosocial interventions aimed at supporting at-risk families. Researchers and practitioners need reliable instruments to assess the parental role adapted for these families. Although the Parental Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale has been frequently used to assess this construct, there is still no adapted version for Portuguese parents. In this study, the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the PSOC scale is examined with a clinical sample of 146 mothers from at-risk families receiving psychosocial interventions for family preservation from Child Protective Services. Results show that the Portuguese version of the PSOC measures three distinct constructs with acceptable psychometric properties: Efficacy, dissatisfaction, and controllability. As expected, the obtained factors were significantly and positively related to parenting alliance and family cohesion, and negatively associated with parenting stress. In sum, the proposed Portuguese version shows reliability and validity evidences to measure three relevant dimensions of parental self-evaluation, and it constitutes a cost- and time-effective instrument suited for at-risk mothers.Junta de Andalucí

a b s t r a c tThis paper analyses the implementation characteristics of the Family Education and Support program, a theory-driven, needs-based, and evidence-based positive parenting program originally developed for the Andalusian family preservation services. The implementation process of 34 trials of the FAF program with 155 participants was analyzed. Cluster analyses were also performed to explore variability in implementation conditions from a comprehensive perspective. Results showed different implementation profiles that moderated the FAF effectiveness (namely lengthier interventions, higher program fidelity, and practitioners' positive perceptions and satisfaction with the program). The relevance of examining implementation process across several trials is discussed in order to distinguish core and non-core FAF components, as well as the need for combining faithful and adaptable implementations that guarantee the ecologic validity of evidence-based positive parenting programs. © 2016 Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). El programa de «Formación y apoyo familiar» para familias en situación de riesgo psicosocial: el papel del proceso de implementación * Corresponding author. E-mail address: victoria@us.es (M.V. Hidalgo).

The main aim of the present study was to examine the factor structure, internal consistency, and some additional psychometric properties of the Antisocial Process Screening Device–Self-Report (APSD-SR) among a large forensic sample of incarcerated male juvenile offenders ( N = 438). The results, based on this forensic sample, support the use of the APSD-SR in terms of its factor structure, and internal consistency despite the fact an item had to be removed from the callous-unemotional (CU) dimension. Statistically significant positive associations were found with measures of psychopathic traits, CU traits, narcissism, and aggression, as well as negative associations with a measure of empathy. Findings provide support for the use of the APSD-SR among the incarcerated male juvenile offender population.

Parental behavior is one of the most influential factors on the development of adolescent externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. These behavioral problems are closely related and often co-occur. The objectives of this work were: (i) to identify adolescents profiles according to their behavior problems; (ii) to explore individual, family, and social characteristics associated with these profiles; and (iii) to analyze the potential role of parenting styles in belonging to adolescents’ profiles. A total of 449 Spanish adolescents (223 from families declared at-risk and enrolled in Child Welfare Services and 226 from families from the general population) participated in this study. The analyses revealed three profiles of adolescents based on external and internal behavior problems (adjusted, external maladjustment, and internal maladjustment). Parenting styles explained the adolescents’ belonging to different profiles, in which the indulgent style was the most favorable in general terms. The distinctive role of parenting styles on two types of maladjustment profiles was confirmed. The relationship between parenting styles and adolescent adjustment is a key component that should be included in interventions according to adolescents’ behavior problem profiles. Furthermore, the results shed light on the need that family interventions are complemented with individualized interventions with adolescents that accumulate stressful life events.

En este artículo se presentan datos del seguimiento longitudinal realizado a 96 mujeres y hombres durante su transición a la maternidad y la paternidad. Los resultados muestran, en tendencias centrales, un cierto deterioro de la relación conyugal tras la llegada de un bebé, y al mismo tiempo, que existe una importante variabilidad entre los procesos experimentados por unas parejas y otras. El apoyo emocional recibido del cónyuge, la implicación paterna en las tareas de cuidado del bebé y la satisfacción con el reparto de tareas domésticas parecen ser los factores que explican -en distinta medida para hombres y mujeres-las diferencias existentes en la evolución de la relaciones conyugales durante la transición a la paternidad y la maternidad. Palabras claves: Relaciones conyugales, transición a la maternidad y la paternidad, apoyo conyugal, diferencias en función del género.

Scene‐Based Psychodramatic Family Therapy (SB‐PFT) is an innovative treatment used with troubled adolescents and their parents to improve family relationships and reduce adolescents’ problematic behavior. It integrates the principles of family therapy, psychodrama, and multiple‐family group methodology. This research is a pilot study to obtain empirical evidence on the SB‐PFT therapeutic process by gauging the perception of change of troubled adolescents and their parents, and assess the perceived helpfulness of its methodology and techniques. Ten multiple‐family intervention groups were drawn up, with 110 participants (63 adolescents and 47 parents), and we adopted a qualitative methodology with focus groups, using an inductive analysis of 290 active constructions of participant narratives. Concerning perception of change, the adolescents reported mainly gaining in social support, prosocial attitudes, keys to problem solving, and expression of emotions due to the treatment. The parents perceived improvement in social support, keys for educational practices, emotional well‐being, and expression of emotions due to the treatment. Regarding the perceived helpfulness of methodology and techniques, both adolescents and parents highlighted the usefulness of the group methodology for gaining social support, relativizing the problem, and expressing emotions. Additionally, participants referred to role‐playing and mirror techniques as the most useful techniques. In conclusion, this first study on SB‐PFT presents and describes its treatment for troubled adolescents and their parents. The participants’ positive perception of their personal and relational change after treatment should serve to promote further studies with quantitative methodology in order to verify the effectiveness of SB‐PFT treatment.

Resumen:Pese a que disponemos de información relevante sobre qué aspectos se relacionan con la eficacia de los programas de prevención de drogadicciones en el ámbito escolar, existen aún datos contradictorios que hacen necesario continuar arrojando luz sobre esta cuestión. En esta investigación se trató de determinar cuáles eran las variables que, según los estudios de revisión, fomentan la eficacia de estos programas y qué peso tiene su evidencia empírica; además se examinaron algunas características de los diseños de evaluación en los que las variables habían demostrado su eficacia. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura que dio lugar a la extracción de 1622 artículos y al análisis final de 17 estudios de revisión. Su análisis permitió identificar 29 variables relacionadas con la eficacia de los programas de prevención, las cuáles fueron ordenadas en función del peso de la evidencia empírica que los apoyaba.2 Además, las características de los estudios incluidos en la revisión mostraron la necesidad de incrementar la rigurosidad y calidad de los diseños de evaluación en este ámbito.Palabras clave: meta-revisión, eficacia, programas escolares, prevención de drogadicciones. Abstract:Relevant information about effectiveness of school-based drug prevention programs is available. Despite this, there is still a gap about drawing a comprehensive map concerning this available evidence. The aim of this research consisted of reviewing empirical evidence from a comprehensive perspective in order to extract relevant variables for efficacy of schoolbased drug prevention programs and establish its evidence's weight. A systematic review of periodical literature published was conducted, extracting 1622 papers from which 17 studies were analyzed. An in-deep analysis of these publications led us to identify 29 effective key factors. The need for getting better rigorousity and quality in evaluation designs was also highlighted.

The purpose of this research was to present an overview of the existing family support resources in Spain for at-risk families. We analysed 64 family support services from 16 agencies belong to 11 regions of Spain. In a second phase, 20 positive parenting programs were analysed in depth to ascertain the extent to which they met evidence-based program quality criteria. Our results suggest that services for at-risk families are delivered by public, local and social agencies. Most interventions were psycho-educational and aimed at parental training. The analysis of the positive parenting programs' quality showed both strengths and weaknesses. Most programs relied on a previous needs analysis and interventions were, to some extent, outlined in a manual. Nevertheless, few programs have been evaluated according to evidence-based program criteria. In light of these results, we discuss several practical implications for services and family support policies aimed at at-risk families.