“…Self-esteem has been one of the traditional positive socialization outcomes analyzed in parenting studies (e.g., Rudy & Grusec, 2006) and is considered as a key indicator of personal adjustment and well-being (Klein, 2017;Meléndez-Moral, Fortuna-Terrero, Sales-Galán, & Mayordomo-Rodríguez, 2015;Musitu, Jimenez, Murgui, 2007;Riquelme, García, & Serra, 2018;Veiga, García, Reeve, Wentzel, & García, 2015). The internalization of social values is another important socialization outcome (Grusec et al, 2017;Grusec et al, 1997;Rudy & Grusec, 2001). Internalization of values, defined as "taking over the values and attitudes of society as one's own so that socially acceptable behavior is motivated not by anticipation of external consequences but by intrinsic or internal factors" (Grusec & Goodnow, 1994, p. 4), has been established as a key indicator of successful socialization that fosters empathy and consideration for others, and is important for adult development (e.g., Baumrind, 1983;Darling & Steinberg, 1993;Fung, 2013;Hoffman, 1970;Lewis, 1981;Sortheix & Schwartz, 2017;Williams, Ciarrochi, & Heaven, 2015).…”