Parenting Styles and Short- and Long-term Socialization Outcomes: A Study among Spanish Adolescents and Older Adults

Validation of the Five-Factor Self-Concept Questionnaire AF5 in Brazil: Testing Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Language (Brazilian and Spanish), Gender, and Age

“…The estimation method was maximum likelihood (ML), which, although assuming multivariate normality, is reasonably robust to its non-compliance (Curran et al, 1996). The criteria used are in line with those proposed by Hu and Bentler (1999) and Kline (1998), and are what is typically utilized in this type of analysis (West et al, 1995; Tomás and Oliver, 2004; García et al, 2006, 2011; Garcia et al, 2018; Tomas et al, 2010; Mayordomo-Rodríguez et al, 2015). …”

Transformational Parenting Style, Autonomy Support, and their Implications for Adolescent Athletes’ Burnout

“…As previous research indicates (e.g., García & Gracia, 2009, in order to understand the functionality of parenting styles it is important to know the social context in which they take place. Specifically, families in the Spanish context have been categorized within a type of collectivist and horizontal culture, where egalitarian relationships are emphasized, with attention placed on providing acceptance, affection, and involvement in the socialization of the children, and where controlling behaviors are perceived as negative practices (e.g., García & Gracia, 2009;García, Serra, Zacarés, & García, 2018;Gracia, Fuentes, García, & Lila, 2012;Gracia, Lila, & Musitu, 2005). In this line, the transformational parenting style would meet the criteria of empowerment and support for autonomy (e.g., Popper & Mayseless, 2003) and could be considered an optimal parenting style in Spanish and similar cultures.…”

“…In relation to adolescents' adaptive outcomes, some authors have pointed out the need to understand the mechanisms that mediate the relationships between parenting styles and adaptive or maladaptive outcomes (Darling & Steinberg, 1993;García et al, 2018;Gracia et al, 2012;Morton et al, 2010). Few studies have examined differences between mothers' and fathers' roles in the athletic development of their children (Aunola et al, 2018;Palomo-Nieto, Ruiz-Pérez, Sánchez-Sánchez, & García-Coll, 2011).…”

Children’s and Mothers’ Achievement Goal Orientations and Self-Efficacy: Dyadic Contributions to Students’ Well-Being

“…Most studies focused on how parenting styles and practices influence children's academic outcomes, such as their academic performance (for reviews, see [57][58][59]), their intrinsic and extrinsic motivation [56,60], and academic self-efficacy ( [61]; for a systematic review, see [62]). Parental styles and practices were shown to significantly influence the academic outcomes of children and adolescents [8,11] and their socio-psychological development [2,3,9,63]. Among several components of parental involvement, the aspirations that parents held for their children's education proved to be an important predictor of school performance [64].…”

“…Although past research only showed this relationship between the achievement goals of parents and children through indirect measures (the parents' achievement goals were evaluated through their children's perspective [73,78,79]), our study aimed to address this limitation by directly evaluating the mothers' achievement goal orientation through self-report, in order to increase the accuracy of the results. Prior literature has examined parental beliefs and behaviors of mothers and fathers [6,46,70,100] despite the fact that it is a quite common and accepted research practice to solely rely on reports from mothers [63,87]. The scientific literature in the field showed that, during middle childhood and adolescence, mothers seem to be engaged in more interactions with children than fathers [101], although during the last two decades there have been important changes regarding the parental roles and their perception.…”