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Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar las relaciones entre el bienestar psicológico, la autoeficacia para envejecer y la autoestima en personas mayores de 60 años no dependientes. Han participado 148 personas con edades comprendidas entre 60 y 96 años, completando una batería de instrumentos relacionados con la autonomía, el grado y tipo de actividad, la autoeficacia para afrontar el proceso de envejecimiento, la autoestima y el bienestar psicológico. Los resultados indican que el bienestar psicológico no está asociado con la edad, sino con un conjunto de factores de corte psicológico. En concreto la percepción de la salud, las actividades físico-deportivas, la autoeficacia para envejecer, la autoestima y la autonomía se relacionan con el bienestar psicológico, aunque sólo los tres últimos indicadores lo explican. Por tanto la autoeficacia y la autoestima funcionan como promotores del bienestar físico, psicológico y social, de manera que resulta fundamental motivar la participación de los mayores en actividades físico-deportivas, recreativas, sociales y cognitivas promoviendo así su bienestar.

Parental behavior is one of the most influential factors on the development of adolescent externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. These behavioral problems are closely related and often co-occur. The objectives of this work were: (i) to identify adolescents profiles according to their behavior problems; (ii) to explore individual, family, and social characteristics associated with these profiles; and (iii) to analyze the potential role of parenting styles in belonging to adolescents’ profiles. A total of 449 Spanish adolescents (223 from families declared at-risk and enrolled in Child Welfare Services and 226 from families from the general population) participated in this study. The analyses revealed three profiles of adolescents based on external and internal behavior problems (adjusted, external maladjustment, and internal maladjustment). Parenting styles explained the adolescents’ belonging to different profiles, in which the indulgent style was the most favorable in general terms. The distinctive role of parenting styles on two types of maladjustment profiles was confirmed. The relationship between parenting styles and adolescent adjustment is a key component that should be included in interventions according to adolescents’ behavior problem profiles. Furthermore, the results shed light on the need that family interventions are complemented with individualized interventions with adolescents that accumulate stressful life events.

The results reported show that the total score or the subscales should be used in a differentiated way according to the professional's objectives. Hence, PSI-SF may be a useful instrument for researchers and practitioners who work with at-risk families.

ResumenIntroducción: Los estereotipos negativos hacia el envejecimiento y la vejez pueden influir negativamente en la relación y el trabajo con las personas mayores. El CENVE es una herramienta diseñada para evaluar este tipo de estereotipos viejistas, pero su estructura factorial no ha sido evaluada con jóvenes y adultos. En este trabajo se analiza la estructura factorial del CENVE con sujetos que aún no han llegado a la vejez, y se examinan las relaciones de los estereotipos edadistas con diversos indicadores sociodemográficos y experienciales. Método: 350 jóvenes y adultos cumplimentaron el CENVE, aportando además datos sobre su formación especializada en envejecimiento y su grado de contacto con personas mayores. Se ha analizado la estructura factorial de la prueba, y su relación con los diversos indicadores evaluados. Resultados: Los análisis efectuados no confirman la estructura original en tres subescalas y sugieren una estructura alternativa unidimensional. Los análisis efectuados muestran la relación entre las puntuaciones del CENVE y el perfil sociodemográfico (especialmente el nivel de estudios), pero son menos concluyentes en cuanto a la experiencia previa y el nivel de información sobre la vejez. Conclusiones: El CENVE es un instrumento útil para evaluar los estereotipos negativos hacia la vejez, pero en este trabajo se propone una corrección unidimensional para jóvenes y adultos. Palabras clave: Edadismo, Vejez, Evaluación. Abstract Introduction: Negative stereotypes towards ageing and the old age may influence in a negative

The purpose of this research was to present an overview of the existing family support resources in Spain for at-risk families. We analysed 64 family support services from 16 agencies belong to 11 regions of Spain. In a second phase, 20 positive parenting programs were analysed in depth to ascertain the extent to which they met evidence-based program quality criteria. Our results suggest that services for at-risk families are delivered by public, local and social agencies. Most interventions were psycho-educational and aimed at parental training. The analysis of the positive parenting programs' quality showed both strengths and weaknesses. Most programs relied on a previous needs analysis and interventions were, to some extent, outlined in a manual. Nevertheless, few programs have been evaluated according to evidence-based program criteria. In light of these results, we discuss several practical implications for services and family support policies aimed at at-risk families.

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This study analyzed parenting stress, parental sense of competence, and stressful life events in families at psychosocial risk in Western Andalusia (Spain) and the Algarve (Portugal). Differences and similarities between families from both countries on these dimensions were explored, as well as the influence of country of origin in determining risk profiles for this population. Although both groups shared some sociodemographic characteristics, differences were found on all studied dimensions, with Portuguese mothers showing higher levels of parenting stress, sense of competence, and accumulation of stressful life events. Results suggest that higher risk families tend to share psychosocial characteristics, regardless of their country of origin.