Parental sense of competence is one of the central dimensions targeted on psychosocial interventions aimed at supporting at-risk families. Researchers and practitioners need reliable instruments to assess the parental role adapted for these families. Although the Parental Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale has been frequently used to assess this construct, there is still no adapted version for Portuguese parents. In this study, the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the PSOC scale is examined with a clinical sample of 146 mothers from at-risk families receiving psychosocial interventions for family preservation from Child Protective Services. Results show that the Portuguese version of the PSOC measures three distinct constructs with acceptable psychometric properties: Efficacy, dissatisfaction, and controllability. As expected, the obtained factors were significantly and positively related to parenting alliance and family cohesion, and negatively associated with parenting stress. In sum, the proposed Portuguese version shows reliability and validity evidences to measure three relevant dimensions of parental self-evaluation, and it constitutes a cost- and time-effective instrument suited for at-risk mothers.Junta de Andalucí

Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) applications are widely used to prevent medical errors. In our center, a CPOE system has been in use since 2009 on both the inpatient and outpatient levels. A new and simple alert was introduced in the CPOE system to notify healthcare providers of the potential risk of viral reactivation when prescribing biological therapies, thereby facilitating the request for a serological profile (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], anti-HBc, and anti-HBs) in patients who have not had these tests. Between May 2012 and May 2013, a total of 1,076 patients undergoing biological treatment were included in the implementation of the CPOE in our hospital, resulting in the identification of 4 HBsAg-positive and 69 anti-HBc-positive/HBsAg-negative patients, two of them with positive viral loads. Since the implementation of this alert system, over 90% of patients who were prescribed a biological drug (BD) have undergone serological screening to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The use of the alert system has increased the screening rate from less than 50% to 94% for HBsAg and from less than 30% to 85% for anti-HBc in patients for whom a BD is prescribed. Six patients received prophylactic antiviral therapy. No patient had HBV reactivation. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a CPOE system that has allowed our hospital to increase the rate of HBV screening. Its use has facilitated the identification of patients at high risk for HBV reactivation and permitted physicians to prescribe prophylactic measures according to current guidelines. (HEPATOLOGY 2014;60:106-113)

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar las relaciones entre el bienestar psicológico, la autoeficacia para envejecer y la autoestima en personas mayores de 60 años no dependientes. Han participado 148 personas con edades comprendidas entre 60 y 96 años, completando una batería de instrumentos relacionados con la autonomía, el grado y tipo de actividad, la autoeficacia para afrontar el proceso de envejecimiento, la autoestima y el bienestar psicológico. Los resultados indican que el bienestar psicológico no está asociado con la edad, sino con un conjunto de factores de corte psicológico. En concreto la percepción de la salud, las actividades físico-deportivas, la autoeficacia para envejecer, la autoestima y la autonomía se relacionan con el bienestar psicológico, aunque sólo los tres últimos indicadores lo explican. Por tanto la autoeficacia y la autoestima funcionan como promotores del bienestar físico, psicológico y social, de manera que resulta fundamental motivar la participación de los mayores en actividades físico-deportivas, recreativas, sociales y cognitivas promoviendo así su bienestar.

Parental behavior is one of the most influential factors on the development of adolescent externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. These behavioral problems are closely related and often co-occur. The objectives of this work were: (i) to identify adolescents profiles according to their behavior problems; (ii) to explore individual, family, and social characteristics associated with these profiles; and (iii) to analyze the potential role of parenting styles in belonging to adolescents’ profiles. A total of 449 Spanish adolescents (223 from families declared at-risk and enrolled in Child Welfare Services and 226 from families from the general population) participated in this study. The analyses revealed three profiles of adolescents based on external and internal behavior problems (adjusted, external maladjustment, and internal maladjustment). Parenting styles explained the adolescents’ belonging to different profiles, in which the indulgent style was the most favorable in general terms. The distinctive role of parenting styles on two types of maladjustment profiles was confirmed. The relationship between parenting styles and adolescent adjustment is a key component that should be included in interventions according to adolescents’ behavior problem profiles. Furthermore, the results shed light on the need that family interventions are complemented with individualized interventions with adolescents that accumulate stressful life events.

The results reported show that the total score or the subscales should be used in a differentiated way according to the professional's objectives. Hence, PSI-SF may be a useful instrument for researchers and practitioners who work with at-risk families.

En este artículo se presentan datos del seguimiento longitudinal realizado a 96 mujeres y hombres durante su transición a la maternidad y la paternidad. Los resultados muestran, en tendencias centrales, un cierto deterioro de la relación conyugal tras la llegada de un bebé, y al mismo tiempo, que existe una importante variabilidad entre los procesos experimentados por unas parejas y otras. El apoyo emocional recibido del cónyuge, la implicación paterna en las tareas de cuidado del bebé y la satisfacción con el reparto de tareas domésticas parecen ser los factores que explican -en distinta medida para hombres y mujeres-las diferencias existentes en la evolución de la relaciones conyugales durante la transición a la paternidad y la maternidad. Palabras claves: Relaciones conyugales, transición a la maternidad y la paternidad, apoyo conyugal, diferencias en función del género.

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