INTISARIPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan minyak nabati, yang meliputi minyak kelapa, minyak biji bunga matahari, dan minyak kelapa sawit terhadap produksi metan, jumlah protozoa, kadar NH 3 , aktivitas carboximethyl cellulase (CMC-ase), dan kadar protein mikrobia pada fermentasi rumput raja dan bekatul oleh mikrobia rumen secara in vitro. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 macam perlakuan, yaitu melihat efek minyak kelapa, minyak biji bunga matahari, dan minyak kelapa sawit dan level penambahan minyak yaitu 0%, 2,5%, 5,0%, dan 7,5%. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ulangan. Fermentasi dilakukan menggunakan Hohenheim gas test (HGT) pada suhu 39°C selama 72 jam. Pada akhir fermentasi dilakukan koleksi gas metan, pengamatan produksi gas, jumlah protozoa, kadar NH 3 , aktivitas carboximethyl cellulase (CMC-ase), kadar protein mikrobia, dan nilai pH. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis variansi pola faktorial (3x4) dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata jumlah protozoa mengalami penurunan (P<0,05) sebesar 9,8%, 20,85%, dan 23,95% dan diikuti dengan penurunan rerata produksi metan (P<0,01) sebesar 11,11%, 15,79%, dan 18,51% pada penambahan minyak sebanyak 2,5%, 5,0%, dan 7,5% dibandingkan dengan kontrol, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar NH 3 , aktivitas carboximethyl cellulase (CMC-ase), dan kadar protein mikrobia. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diambil kesimpulan penambahan minyak kelapa paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap penurunan produksi metan melalui inhibisi protozoa dan penambahan minyak hingga level 5,0% mampu menurunkan produksi metan sebesar 15,80%.
The experiment was aimed to study the composition of unsaturated fa y acid, fermentation parameter and microbial activity in the rumen-buff er mixture when protected CPO with casein and formaldehyde was incubated in the in vitro fermentation. CPO and milk powder (1:2) were mixed, added technical formaldehyde 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight of blend, mixed again to form CCPO. The amount of 0% (0 mg), 1.5% (4.5 mg), 3% (9 mg), 4.5% (13.5 mg) and 6% (18 mg) CCPO was inserted into fermenter bo les containing napier grass and rice bran (60:40), was tested in vitro. The data were analyzed by completely randomized design with factorial pa ern 4 x 5 (level of formaldehyde as factor A and level of CPO as factor B). The diff erent of treatments were tested by Duncan's new multiple range test. Result shows that the increase of formaldehyde level could increase unsaturated fa y acids content, CMC-ase activity, microbial protein and number of protozoa, but decreased NH 3 , VFA, and pH of rumen fl uid. The increase of CPO level also increased fa y acid composition and microbial protein, but decreased NH 3 , VFA, and pH, CMC-ase activity and number of protozoa in rumen fl uid. It can be concluded that encapsulated CPO with formaldehyde increased unsaturated fa y acid composition and microbial activity, but decreased fermentation parameters.
This research aims to evaluate the quality of goat feces liquid biofertilizer with chicken excreta addition by aerobic and anaerobic fermentation. The data obtained from the research were statistically analyzed with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial Pattern with two factors. The first factor was addition level of the chicken excreta (0, 10, 20, and 30%) and the other factor was fermentation treatment (aerobic and anaerobic) condition with 3 replications for each treatment. Fermentation was conducted for 14 days. The observed parameters consisted of the chemical parameter (organic-C, N, P, and K) and the physical parameter (pH, temperature, and the odor). The addition of various level of chicken excreta and fermentation treatments in the process of producing goat feces liquid biofertilizer indicate significantly effect to increase the organic-C, total-N, NH4, P, K, compare with 5 and 10% liquid fertilizer treatment. The best quality of liquid biofertilizer produced by combining aerobic fermentation and the addition of 30% chicken excreta. Generally, chicken excreta able to increase the nitrogen and mineral content, and putting together with aerobic fermentation system of chicken excreta maximum to 30% can avoid overproduction of unpleasant odor.
Black garlic is processed garlic under high temperature (65-90 °C) and humidity (60-80%) during a period (Kimura et al., 2017;Lu et al., 2017). Black garlic has a brown color, less flavor, and high antioxidant properties. Total phenolic of black garlic increases 4-10 fold compared to fresh garlic. Total polyphenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity were 58.33 mg GAE/g, 15.37 mg RE/g, and 74.48%, respectively (Choi et al., 2014). Not only as antioxidant agents, black garlic also act as antimicrobials (Altuntas & Korukluoglu, 2019). Black garlic contain phenolic compound, β-carbolines alkaloids (Cao et al., 2007), melanoidins (Wang et al., 2011), organic acids and organic sulfur compound (Yin & Cheng, 2003;Lin et al., 2019). According to Arslaner (2020) organic sulfur compound decrease the yeast-mould compared to the control. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant effect of black garlic powder as a source of natural antioxidants on the physical quality, chemical quality, antioxidant activity, TPC, and sensory quality, of duck nuggets during storage.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh crude palm oil (CPO) yang diproteksi dengan formaldehid terhadap kualitas kimia dan fisik daging domba. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan. Sebanyak 15 ekor domba lokal jantan berumur 9-12 bulan dengan bobot badan 14-17 kg dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok untuk perlakuan perlakuan ransum. Kelompok pertama hanya mendapat ransum basal (R0), kelompok kedua mendapat ransum basal dan 3% CPO (R1), sedangkan kelompok ketiga mendapat ransum basal dan 3% CPO yang diproteksi dengan 2% formaldehid (R2). Data dianalisis statistik menggunakan analisis sidik ragam. Perbedaan antar perlakuan diuji lanjut dengan Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan CPO yang diproteksi dengan formaldehid (R2) dalam ransum meningkatkan kadar protein dan lemak daging (P<0,05), secara fisik daging lebih empuk (P<0,01) dengan susut masak yang lebih rendah (P<0,01). Ransum dengan CPO yang diproteksi dengan formaldehid, meningkatkan kualitas kimia dan fisik daging domba. ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to determine the effect of crude palm oil (CPO) protected by formaldehyde on chemical and physical quality of lamb. The research design applied was completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 5 replications Fifteen local male sheeps aged 9-12 months weighing 14-17 kg were divided into 3 groups for different ration treatments. The first group received only basal ration (R0), the 2 nd group received basal ration and 3% of CPO (R1), while the 3 rd group received basal ration and 3% of CPO protected by 2% of formaldehyde (R2). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The differences among treatments were tested by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the addition of CPO protected by formaldehyde (R2) in the sheep diet increased lamb protein and fat content (P<0.05), produced tenderer lamb (P<0.01) with lower cooking loss (P<0.01). The diet with CPO protected by formaldehyde can improve the chemical and physical quality of meat sheeps.
<p>Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi formaldehid pada pembuatan undegraded protein (UDP) yang digunakan untuk mensuplementasi pelet pakan lengkap terhadap aktivitas mikrobia rumen secara in vitro. Hasil sisa tanaman pertanian dan hasil samping pengolahannya digunakan untuk menyusun pelet pakan lengkap yang mengandung 12% protein kasar (PK) dan 62% total digestible nutrients (TDN). Cairan rumen untuk percobaan in vitro kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK) dan kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO) dan in vitro produksi gas diambil dari 2 ekor sapi Peranakan Ongole betina umur 2–3 tahun yang difistula pada bagian rumennya. Konsentrasi formaldehid 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0% (volume/berat) digunakan untuk memproteksi bungkil kedelai pada pembuatan UDP, masing-masing adalah K-0, K-0,5, K-1,0, K-1,5, dan K-2,0. Tingkat proteksi bungkil kedelai diuji pada sampel UDP terhadap degradasi<br />bahan kering dan organik secara in vitro. Selanjutnya UDP yang paling baik digunakan untuk mensuplementasi pelet pakan lengkap. Aktivitas mikrobia rumen dari berbagai tingkat suplementasi UDP 0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; dan 10% bahan kering (berat/berat) pada pelet pakan lengkap berturut-turut adalah S-0, S-2,5, S-5,0, S-7,5, dan S-10,0 diuji secara in vitro produksi gas meliputi: produksi gas, sintesis protein mikrobia, produksi dan proporsi asam lemak volatil. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis variansi menurut Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola searah. Beda antar rerata diuji dengan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan KcBK (%) bungkil kedelai tidak diproteksi K-0 lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibanding K-0,5, dan K-0,5 lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibanding K-1,0, K-1,5 dan K-2,0. KcBO bungkil kedelai tidak diproteksi lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibanding K-0,5, dan K-0,5 lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibanding K-1,0, K-1,5, dan K-2,0. Perbedaan tingkat suplementasi tidak mempengaruhi produksi gas antar perlakuan pada S-0, S-2,5, S-5,0, S-7,5 dan<br />S-10. Sintesis protein mikrobia mg/ml cairan rumen tidak berbeda pada suplementasi UDP S-0, S-2,5, S-5,0, dan S-7,5, namun S-10 lebih rendah (P<0,05) 0,273 mg/ml. Tingkat suplementasi UDP tidak mempengaruhi konsentrasi asam lemak volatil total (mmol). Proporsi asam asetat S-0 lebih rendah (P<0,05) dibanding S-5,0 dan S-7,5, tetapi proporsi asam propionat S-0 lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibanding S-5,0, S-7,5, dan S-10,0. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan formaldehid pada tingkat 1% lebih baik dalam pembuatan UDP. Tingkat suplementasi UDP pada pelet pakan lengkap sampai 7,5% tanpa mempengaruhi aktivitas mikrobia rumen.</p><p>(Kata kunci: Pelet pakan lengkap, Konsentrasi formaldehid, Undegraded protein, Tingkat suplementasi, Aktivitas<br />mikrobia rumen)</p>
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