This study determines generative growth characteristics of alfalfa in second regrowth with the addition of dolomite and extended photoperiod. This study used a completely randomized design tested via Least Significant Difference. Dolomite was added at 0, 6 and 12 ton/ha. Photoperiod was varied at 12, 14 and 16 hours. The results conclude that extended photoperiod promoted alfalfa growth. Lengthier exposure to lighting promoted faster flowering and greater proportions of pod emergence and pod ripening. The addition of dolomite levels did not affect generative growth, except in the percentage of pods per plants. The addition of 16-hour lighting duration improved the second regrowth stage of alfalfa as compared to 14 and 12-hour photoperiods. The result yielded 61.63% seed purity and 13.33% seed viability.

Abstract. Suwignyo B, Arifin L, Umami N, Muhlisin, Suhartanto B. 2021. The performance and genetic variation of first and second generation tropical alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Biodiversitas 22: 3265-3270. This study aimed to compare the growth performance, nutrient content, seed viability, and genetic variation of first- and second-generation alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). First and second-generation alfalfa seeds were obtained from the Forage and Pasture Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, Indonesia. First generation alfalfa (F1) seeds were obtained from cross breeding of two different parental alfalfa varieties, namely, Canadian and local. The second-generation (F2) seeds were obtained from plants of the first-generation alfalfa (F1). A randomized design experiment was conducted using the two types of alfalfa (first- and second generation). Alfalfa from Canada as female parent was used as the baseline in the genetic masker test. Seeds were planted in a polybag, watered twice a day, and received 12 hours of daylight and 4 hours of artificial light. Plants were then harvested 8 weeks after planting by cutting the plant canopy. Genetic variation was examined using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) method followed by descriptive analysis. Germination, plant height, dry matter content, organic matter, and crude protein were assessed as variables using a Student’s T-test. Our results showed that germination, plant height, leaf color, and nutrient content (dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein) of the first- and second-generation alfalfa plants were not significantly different. However, the second-generation alfalfa demonstrated better seed viability than the first generation plants, then it can be categorized as a new genotype (tropical alfalfa) based on genetic variation analysis.

<p>Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi formaldehid pada pembuatan undegraded protein (UDP) yang digunakan untuk mensuplementasi pelet pakan lengkap terhadap aktivitas mikrobia rumen secara in vitro. Hasil sisa tanaman pertanian dan hasil samping pengolahannya digunakan untuk menyusun pelet pakan lengkap yang mengandung 12% protein kasar (PK) dan 62% total digestible nutrients (TDN). Cairan rumen untuk percobaan in vitro kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK) dan kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO) dan in vitro produksi gas diambil dari 2 ekor sapi Peranakan Ongole betina umur 2–3 tahun yang difistula pada bagian rumennya. Konsentrasi formaldehid 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0% (volume/berat) digunakan untuk memproteksi bungkil kedelai pada pembuatan UDP, masing-masing adalah K-0, K-0,5, K-1,0, K-1,5, dan K-2,0. Tingkat proteksi bungkil kedelai diuji pada sampel UDP terhadap degradasi<br />bahan kering dan organik secara in vitro. Selanjutnya UDP yang paling baik digunakan untuk mensuplementasi pelet pakan lengkap. Aktivitas mikrobia rumen dari berbagai tingkat suplementasi UDP 0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; dan 10% bahan kering (berat/berat) pada pelet pakan lengkap berturut-turut adalah S-0, S-2,5, S-5,0, S-7,5, dan S-10,0 diuji secara in vitro produksi gas meliputi: produksi gas, sintesis protein mikrobia, produksi dan proporsi asam lemak volatil. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis variansi menurut Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola searah. Beda antar rerata diuji dengan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan KcBK (%) bungkil kedelai tidak diproteksi K-0 lebih tinggi (P&lt;0,05) dibanding K-0,5, dan K-0,5 lebih tinggi (P&lt;0,05) dibanding K-1,0, K-1,5 dan K-2,0. KcBO bungkil kedelai tidak diproteksi lebih tinggi (P&lt;0,05) dibanding K-0,5, dan K-0,5 lebih tinggi (P&lt;0,05) dibanding K-1,0, K-1,5, dan K-2,0. Perbedaan tingkat suplementasi tidak mempengaruhi produksi gas antar perlakuan pada S-0, S-2,5, S-5,0, S-7,5 dan<br />S-10. Sintesis protein mikrobia mg/ml cairan rumen tidak berbeda pada suplementasi UDP S-0, S-2,5, S-5,0, dan S-7,5, namun S-10 lebih rendah (P&lt;0,05) 0,273 mg/ml. Tingkat suplementasi UDP tidak mempengaruhi konsentrasi asam lemak volatil total (mmol). Proporsi asam asetat S-0 lebih rendah (P&lt;0,05) dibanding S-5,0 dan S-7,5, tetapi proporsi asam propionat S-0 lebih tinggi (P&lt;0,05) dibanding S-5,0, S-7,5, dan S-10,0. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan formaldehid pada tingkat 1% lebih baik dalam pembuatan UDP. Tingkat suplementasi UDP pada pelet pakan lengkap sampai 7,5% tanpa mempengaruhi aktivitas mikrobia rumen.</p><p>(Kata kunci: Pelet pakan lengkap, Konsentrasi formaldehid, Undegraded protein, Tingkat suplementasi, Aktivitas<br />mikrobia rumen)</p>

The study was conducted to identify the effect of lighting duration and dolomite addition on the vegetative growth of alfalfa plants in second regrowth phase. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Laboratory of Forage and Pasture Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada. It used a completely randomized design with 3x3-factorial using two factors and three replications. The first factor was lighting duration (C) with 3 levels (C0 = 12 hours, C1 = 14 hours, and C2 = 16 hours). The second factor was dolomite addition (D) with 3 levels (D0 = 0 ton/ha, D1 = 6 ton /ha, and D2 = 12 ton/ha). The results showed a significant effect so Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) followed at 5% and 1% levels. The observed variables were plant height, the number of plant branches, the number of plant leaves, fresh forage production, and the chemical content of the plants in the form of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM). The addition of dolomite significantly affected the number of the plant branches, the number of plant leaves and the dry matter of the plants. A significant correlation was found between the two treatments and the number of leaves (C2D2) and a correlation was between the treatment and dry matter (C1D2).

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The development of the beef cattle population in Indonesia can be done by increasing the cows’ performance keeping by oil palm farmers. The research aimed to study Bali cows’ production system and performance maintained by oil palm farmers in Karya Mulya Village, Rambah Samo District, Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau. Fifteen farmers as respondent with 33 of their Bali cows were the subjects of observation. This research was conducted using the interview method, focused on the production system, body size, and reproductive performance. Data were analyzed descriptively, quantitative, and qualitative. The study results on body size showed that the Bali cows had a chest circumference of 156.68±7.07 cm, shoulder height 112.73±8.86 cm, absolute body length 113.77±5.26 cm, relative body length 105±6.89 cm, body weight 253.65±28.64 kg, and body condition score 2.91±0.50. Reproductive performance includes the calving interval is 376.96±77.65 days, weaning time is 7.74±1.16 months, postpartum estrus 72.00±36.81 days, postpartum mating 72.00±36.81 days, service per conception 1.23±0.8, calf mortality 6.25%, calf weaning weight at 205 days is 97.59±22.88 kg, cows reproductive index 0.96 ± 0.26 and productivity 68.23 ± 46.89. It concluded that Bali cows raised by oil palm farmers in Rokan Hulu, Riau had good performance and body size.