Nanoparticles are rapidly being developed and trialed to overcome several limitations of traditional drug delivery systems and are coming up as a distinct therapeutics for cancer treatment. Conventional chemotherapeutics possess some serious side effects including damage of the immune system and other organs with rapidly proliferating cells due to nonspecific targeting, lack of solubility, and inability to enter the core of the tumors resulting in impaired treatment with reduced dose and with low survival rate. Nanotechnology has provided the opportunity to get direct access of the cancerous cells selectively with increased drug localization and cellular uptake. Nanoparticles can be programmed for recognizing the cancerous cells and giving selective and accurate drug delivery avoiding interaction with the healthy cells. This review focuses on cell recognizing ability of nanoparticles by various strategies having unique identifying properties that distinguish them from previous anticancer therapies. It also discusses specific drug delivery by nanoparticles inside the cells illustrating many successful researches and how nanoparticles remove the side effects of conventional therapies with tailored cancer treatment.

Nanotechnology, the science of nano sized particles, has rapidly gained the spotlight in diversified areas including pharmaceutical sector. With the blessings of accurate drug designing and better pharmacological action, it has entered the pharmaceutical arena bringing promising discoveries along with it. Nanoemulsion is one of the greatest and advantageous dosage forms with the application of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical formulations. Very small size droplets of the nanoemulsion favor better drug absorption and targeting. It not only improves the conventional emulsion systems but also opens new opportunities for other drugs to be designed more precisely with better bioavailability and accurate dosing rendering minimum side effects. This article depicts various advantageous features of nanoemulsions delineating different methods of preparation. The foci of this review also include the opportunities of other drugs to be formulated through nanoemulsification in order to ensure better therapeutic effect. The summary shows recent researches on nanoemulsion formulation from different classes of drugs as well as some formulations based on nanoemulsion templates. The methods of preparing nanoparticles, characterized by nanoemulsion templates, have also been discussed which, as a whole, presents the best possibilities of nanoemulsions.

There is no doubt that controlled and pulsatile drug delivery system is an important challenge in medicine over the conventional drug delivery system in case of therapeutic efficacy. However, the conventional drug delivery systems often offer a limited by their inability to drug delivery which consists of systemic toxicity, narrow therapeutic window, complex dosing schedule for long term treatment etc. Therefore, there has been a search for the drug delivery system that exhibit broad enhancing activity for more drugs with less complication. More recently, some elegant study has noted that, a new type of micro-electrochemical system or MEMS-based drug delivery systems called microchip has been improved to overcome the problems related to conventional drug delivery. Moreover, micro-fabrication technology has enabled to develop the implantable controlled released microchip devices with improved drug administration and patient compliance. In this article, we have presented an overview of the investigations on the feasibility and application of microchip as an advanced drug delivery system. Commercial manufacturing materials and methods, related other research works and current advancement of the microchips for controlled drug delivery have also been summarized.

Aims: Antibiotic resistance is one of the widely recognized public health challenges in Bangladesh. The present study was aimed to analyze the current status of irrational use of antibiotics in rural Bangladesh and to explore the views from both physicians' and patients' perspective. Study Design: Population based survey. Place and Duration of Study: The survey was conducted among 6,000 patients and 580 physicians in the rural areas of Dhaka and Rajshahi divisions of Bangladesh from July 2012 to December 2012. Methodology: The survey followed a face-to-face interview protocol. 24 Upazila Health Complexes and 112 Union Health Centers of Dhaka and Rajshahi divisions were conveniently surveyed by trained volunteer interviewers. Two separate survey questionnaires were developed for physician and patient survey. Results: From the physician survey it was found that significantly more doctors prescribe

Fish is an important food stuff and source of protein all over the world. In Bangladesh fisheries sector contributes a lot in case of earning foreign currency and meeting domestic need of animal protein. To meet the domestic need Bangladesh imports fish and fish products from neighboring countries. But it is evident from several studies that fish items in Bangladesh contain formalin which is a highly hazardous and carcinogenic chemical.An attempt was taken to detect the extent of formalin use in fish available in Dhaka city. From five different local markets five species of fishes were collected and presence of formalin was detected using the "formalin detection kit in fish" developed by Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR). The study indicates that 70% Rui fish is formalin contaminated and almost 50% of fish samples contain formalin.

Nowadays, a very large proportion of new drug candidates emerging from drug discovery programmes are water insoluble and thus poorly bioavailable. To avoid this problem, nanotechnology for drug delivery has gained much interest as a way to improve the solubility problems. Nano refers to particles size range of 1-1000 nm. The reduction of drug particles into the submicron range leads to a significant increase in the dissolution rate and therefore enhances bioavailability. Nanosuspensions are part of nanotechnology. This interacts with the body at subcellular (i.e., molecular) scales with a high degree of specificity and can be potentially translated into targeted cellular and tissue-specific clinical applications designed to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects. Production of drugs as nanosuspensions can be developed for drug delivery systems as an oral formulation and nonoral administration. Here, this review describes the methods of pharmaceutical nanosuspension production including advantages and disadvantages, potential benefits, characterization tests, and pharmaceutical applications in drug delivery.

Medicated chewing gum has a history for about a century. Now-a-days it is considered to be a potential and conve-nient modified release drug delivery system which can be used in pain relief medication, smoking cessation, travel illness, freshening of breath, prevention of dental caries, alleviation of xerostomia, vitamin or mineral supplementa-tion etc. Medicated chewing gums are prepared by using a water insoluble gum base with water soluble bulk portion. This formulation offers both local and systemic effects and has a range of advantages over conventional oral solid dosage forms. USP currently has no in vitro release testing apparatus for the evaluation and determination of drug release from the prepared chewing gums. But European Pharmacopoeia adopted a compendial apparatus to do so. Medicated chewing has drawn attention to the researchers as potential drug delivery system and it could be a com-mercial success in near future.Key Words: pharmaceutical chewing gum, gum base, oral mucosal drug delivery, buccal membrane, apparatus.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i4.10064International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(4): 86-91

The Objective of the present study was to develop a simple, reproducible and economical spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of Ciprofloxacin and Naproxen. Both Drugs obey Beer's law in the range of 1-5µg/ml concentration. The Standard curve of Ciprofloxacin and Naproxen in the media of 0.1N HCl, Distilled water and Phosphate buffer are obtained by plotting absorbance versus concentration where calibration curve was found to be linear (R 2 >0.99) with optimum value of standard error for the entire analytical medium used. The plot of the residuals was normally distributed around the regression line, which reflects the accuracy of the method. For simultaneous determination of Ciprofloxacin and Naproxen, the linear plot was found in the media of distilled water and 0.1N HCl acid. The maximum absorbance was found in the media of distilled water for Ciprofloxacin at wavelength 278nm and for Naproxen at 228nm. The calibration curve was to be linear for Ciprofloxacin as R 2 >0.99 and for Naproxen as R 2 >0.99.The maximum absorbance was found in the media of 0.1N HCl for Ciprofloxacin at wavelength 277nm and for Naproxen at 228nm. The calibration curve was to be linear for Ciprofloxacin as R 2 >0.98 and for Naproxen as R 2 >0.99.