Increasing Possibilities of Nanosuspension

Abstract

Nowadays, a very large proportion of new drug candidates emerging from drug discovery programmes are water insoluble and thus poorly bioavailable. To avoid this problem, nanotechnology for drug delivery has gained much interest as a way to improve the solubility problems. Nano refers to particles size range of 1-1000 nm. The reduction of drug particles into the submicron range leads to a significant increase in the dissolution rate and therefore enhances bioavailability. Nanosuspensions are part of nanotechnology. This interacts with the body at subcellular (i.e., molecular) scales with a high degree of specificity and can be potentially translated into targeted cellular and tissue-specific clinical applications designed to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects. Production of drugs as nanosuspensions can be developed for drug delivery systems as an oral formulation and nonoral administration. Here, this review describes the methods of pharmaceutical nanosuspension production including advantages and disadvantages, potential benefits, characterization tests, and pharmaceutical applications in drug delivery.

High drug-loading nanomedicines: progress, current status, and prospects

“…183 The top-down method starts from large crystals to small NCs in a step-by-step manner during a high-energy process, such as pearl milling and high-pressure homogenization. 182,[184][185][186] The bottom-up method involves procedures that start from molecules to NCs, such as solvent exchange, 21,[187][188][189] high-gravity-control precipitation, 188,190,191 evaporative precipitation, 192 rapid expansion of supercritical solution, 193 and supercritical antisolvent methods. 194 DNCs prepared via bottom-up methods need less energy and are smaller compared with those prepared through top-down methods.…”

Preparation of finasteride capsules-loaded drug nanoparticles: formulation, optimization, in vitro, and pharmacokinetic evaluation

“…3 Some other techniques that have illustrated reasonable successes involve enclosing the drug in vesicular nanoparticles (NPs) 5 or A nanosuspension is a submicron colloidal dispersion, approximately between 200 and 600 nm, of poorly watersoluble drug without any matrix that is stabilized by the presence of surfactants and/or polymers that prevent crystal growth or particles aggregation during storage. 9 Formulation of the drug in the form of nanosuspension enhances the absorption and bioavailability due to an increase in surface area and dissolution rate, which increases the rate and extent of absorption and hence the bioavailability. 9 Nanosuspension is more applicable for drugs that are characterized by high permeability and low solubility such as revaprazan.…”

“…9 Formulation of the drug in the form of nanosuspension enhances the absorption and bioavailability due to an increase in surface area and dissolution rate, which increases the rate and extent of absorption and hence the bioavailability. 9 Nanosuspension is more applicable for drugs that are characterized by high permeability and low solubility such as revaprazan. 10 Nanosuspension can be prepared either by the precipitation "bottom-up" or by the disintegration "top-down" technologies.…”

Nanoemulsions: increasing possibilities in drug delivery

“…A research team, led by Guy G. Chabot, demonstrated that nano emulsion formulation of fisetin improves its bioavailability and antitumour activity in mice (49) . In recent years nanoemulsion has become a promising tool to improve bioavailability of several drugs along with nanosuspension and other various solubility enhancement techniques (61). Recent research on nanoemulsion preparation from various therapeutic classes has been summarized in Table 4 .…”