Pinus taeda L., a principal espécie florestal plantada no Sul do Brasil, tem sua madeira usada como matéria-prima em serrarias, laminadoras e indústrias de aglomerado, MDF, celulose e papel. Devido à sua grande importância econômica, existe interesse no desenvolvimento de técnicas de propagação vegetativa que permitam a clonagem massal de mudas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da idade das mudas (60, 90, 120 e 150 dias) e das quatro estações do ano no enraizamento de miniestacas de P. taeda. Miniestacas de 5 cm foram confeccionadas a partir de ramos herbáceos e tratadas com solução de Captan® 0,1%. Seu plantio foi realizado em tubetes com substrato Mecplant® na camada inferior e 2 cm de vermiculita na porção superior. As miniestacas foram mantidas em casa de vegetação durante 120 dias, com temperaturas entre 15 e 25 ºC e umidade relativa do ar em torno de 90%. Avaliaram-se as porcentagens de miniestacas enraizadas, sobreviventes e mortas, o comprimento das três maiores raízes e o número e massa seca de raízes formadas por miniestaca. A idade das mudas influenciou o enraizamento, e a maior porcentagem (85%) foi obtida com mudas mais jovens (60 dias). O inverno mostrou-se o período mais favorável para a coleta das miniestacas.

Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil. * Autor para correspondência RESUMOVarronia curassavica Jacq. (Boraginaceae), ervabaleeira, é uma planta medicinal com interesse comercial devido sua atividade anti-inflamatória. A espécie pode ser propagada por sementes, todavia a propagação vegetativa possibilita a obtenção de plantios mais uniformes em relação aos aspectos agronômicos e fitoquímicos. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, avaliar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de ácido indol butírico (AIB) e a confecção de estacas caulinares com diferentes números de folhas, na indução da rizogênese da espécie. O experimento foi conduzido no mês de agosto (estação de inverno), em arranjo fatorial 3x2, com três concentrações de AIB (0, 1500 e 3000 mg L -1 ) e dois tipos de estacas (estacas confeccionadas com duas folhas ou uma folha). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com nebulização intermitente. Após 60 dias avaliouse a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, número de raízes por estaca, comprimento das três maiores raízes por estaca, porcentagem de estacas com calos, porcentagem de estacas vivas não enraizadas, porcentagem de estacas mortas e porcentagem de estacas com brotação. Houve diferença significativa para número de raízes por estaca, que foi maior na concentração de 3000 mg L -1 em relação ao tratamento sem aplicação de AIB (32,5%), e para porcentagem de estacas com calos (15,0%), também maior para estacas com duas folhas na concentração de 3000 mg L -1 de AIB. Para os demais fatores não foi observada diferença estatística entre os tratamentos. Conclui-se que o número de folhas e diferentes concentrações de AIB tiveram baixa influência no enraizamento adventício da espécie, principalmente devido a estação de inverno. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Varronia curassavica Jacq., plantas medicinais, propagação vegetativa, auxina. ABSTRACTVarronia curassavica Jacq., black sage, is a medicinal plant with commercial interest due its anti-inflammatory properties. This species can be propagated by seeds, via vegetative propagation enabling the achievement of more uniform crops in relation to the agronomic and phytochemicals aspects. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA) and different leaf numbers in softwood stem cuttings of black sage plants. The experiment was conducted in august (winter season) in a factorial arrangement 3x2, with three different concentrations of IBA (0, 1500 and 3000 mg L -1 ) and two numbers of leaves (two leaves or one leaf). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under intermittent mist conditions. At 60 days after planting, the rooting percentage, number of roots per cutting, length of the three longest roots, percentage of cuttings with callus, percentage of live cuttings without roots nor callus, percentage of dead cuttings and percentage of cuttings with shoots were evaluated. There were significant differences for number of roots per cutting, whi...

RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o enraizamento de estacas de brotações epicórmicas provenientes de anelamento e decepa de árvores adultas de erva-mate com 17 e 80 anos, no inverno e verão. O plantio foi realizado em caixas preenchidas com vermiculita e casca de arroz carbonizada 1:1 (v/v) e após 90 dias em casa de vegetação, foram avaliados a porcentagem de enraizamento, o número de raízes, o comprimento médio de raízes, a sobrevivência, os calos e a mortalidade. Estacas provenientes de anelamento de árvores de 17 anos apresentam elevada taxa de enraizamento (88,7%), número (13,3) e comprimento médio de raízes (3,3 cm). Palavras-chave: propagação vegetativa; revigoramento/rejuvenescimento; rizogênese. ABSTRACTWe investigate the rooting of epicormic shoots from girdling and coppicing of adult mate trees with 17 and 80-years-old, in the winter and the summer. Cuttings were planted in boxes filled with vermiculite and carbonized rice hull 1:1 (v/v) and after 90 days in greenhouse rooting percentage, number of roots, average root length, survival, callus and mortality were evaluated. Cuttings from girdled trees with 17-years-old showed better rooting (88.7%), number (13.3) and average root length (3.3 cm). Keywords: reinvigoration/rejuvenation; rhizogenesis; vegetative propagation. INTRODUÇÃOA erva-mate é uma cultura de grande importância para os países da América do Sul e seus principais centros de produção e consumo estão localizados na Argentina, Paraguai e no Brasil, especialmente na região Sul, em que apresenta um elevado potencial econômico, social e ecológico (SANTIN et al., 2008). A cultura tem se tornado cada vez mais uma alternativa rentável ao pequeno produtor rural, gerando, além da segurança financeira, uma melhoria nas relações ambientais dentro da propriedade (MALINOVSKI et al., 2006). Entretanto, há ainda a necessidade de estabelecer uma produção contínua 1 Engenheiro Florestal, Dr., Professor do

Buxus sempervirens L., popularly known as boxwood, is a woody shrub widely used in gardening and landscaping. One of the most important factors for B. sempervirens commercial production is its propagation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of indolebutyric acid (IBA) concentrations on the adventitious rooting of semihardwood stem cuttings of the species. Branches with new shoots were collected from stock plants with approximately 17 years of growth. Stem cuttings of six centimeters in length with two leaves in the upper region were made with a straight cut at the apex and a bevel cut at the base. Cuttings bases were immersed for 10 seconds in hydroalcoholic solutions (50% v v-1) with IBA at 0, 1500, 3,000 or 6,000 mg L-1. The cuttings were evaluated at 64 and 116 days after planting. Rooting, mortality, callus formation and sprouting percentages as well as root number and root length were measured. At 64 days, no significant percentage of rooting was observed in B. sempervirens stem cuttings and sprouting and callus formation were not significantly affected by the treatments. Keeping the cuttings in the greenhouse for 116 days led to rooting rates up to a 97.5%, with no statistical difference among treatments. Root lengths and root numbers did not differ as a function of treatments. The required period for B. sempervirens stem cuttings rooting is around 116 days; IBA application does not affect rooting, survival or sprouting of B. sempervirens stem cuttings.

Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. is part of the Lamiaceae family and is commonly known as coleus, due to the genus denomination in the past. This ornamental plant species has been gaining importance in the floristic industry due to the great number of exotic cultivars available in the market. Coleus commercial exploitation by seeds is held up by genetic instability, which makes it usually being propagated through semi-hardwood stem cuttings and leaves have great importance in stem cuttings adventitious rooting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence or absence of apical leaves and the use of indolebutyric acid (IBA) in coleus stem cuttings rooting. Semi-hardwood coleus stem cuttings with 6 cm long were prepared with or without apical leaves, and then treated with hydroalcoholic solutions (50% v v-1) of 0, 1000 and 2,000 mg L-1 IBA. The propagules were planted in tubes containing vermiculite and kept for 30 days in a greenhouse under intermittent misting (24 ± 2 °C, Relative Humidity 90%) until final evaluation. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 3x2 factorial scheme (3 IBA concentrations x presence and absence of apical leaves). The rooting was evaluated after 30 days. Stem cuttings with and without apical leaves has 100 and 57% rooting, respectively. Stem cuttings rooting did not vary according to IBA concentrations. Roots length and number were higher in stem cuttings with apical leaves in comparison to leafless ones, regardless IBA concentrations. On average, 97.7% sprouting was observed in cuttings with apical leaves, significantly higher rates when compared to the average of 2.2% on leafless cuttings. The presence of apical leaves is fundamental for coleus stem cuttings rooting and the use of IBA is not required for this species propagation.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the technical feasibility of budding in A. angustifolia in two rootstocks establishment, performed in two seasons of the year. In October and April, patch and flute budding techniques were carried on rootstocks kept indoor (greenhouse) and established outdoor (field), with grafts of adult female plants. The percentage of survival, percentage of shoots and number of shoots up to 300 days after budding (DAB) were evaluated. The patch budding performed in October showed the greatest grafts survival rates (82%) and percentage of shoots in the grafts (64%) at 180 DAB. The flute budding showed highest number of shoots (2.7 at 120 DAB and 3.5 at 180 DAB) when compared to patch budding. The use of the patch budding is recommended in spring, not requiring a controlled environment for the rootstocks. After 180 DAB there were no losses of grafted plants.

The brushwood is a technique of environmental complexation, which consists in the use of plant residues. This technique, when well established technically, can exert influence on seedbed quality, fostering native plant establishment and ecosystem restoration. In this way, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of brushwood for the induction of natural regeneration of native species in an area covered by exotic inhibitory grasses of the genus Urochloa, as well as check the minimum size required to prevent the re-invasion of the forage. As a hypothesis, we adopted the minimum width of 4 m as sufficient for the establishment of natural regeneration prior to the reoccupation of grasses. The experiment was conducted between May 2014 and May 2016 in Morretes-PR in a lowland evergreen rain forest area. Seven different sizes of brushwood were compared: 6 x 1, 6 x 2, 6 x 3, 6 x 4, 6 x 5, 6 x 6 m and control treatment. Woody species were identified and counted and herbaceous cover percentage estimated after 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months. There was no resumption of natural succession of native species. At any size, brushwood alone was ineffective to prevent the growth by grasses from the edges of the plots, and, since it constitutes a residue pile, it further complicates the establishment of woody species. For the creation of safe sites and consequent restoration by natural regeneration, there is a need for local elimination of Urochloa forages, without which native species are unlikely to survive.

Drimys brasiliensis Miers is a native plant species to the Atlantic Forest, commonly known as cataia, and used as a stimulant, anti-diahrreal, antipyretic, among other properties. Dried and fresh leaves of cataia were collected in autumn/2012, submitted to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger graduated apparatus over a period of 4 hours after reaching the boiling point, then essential oil was collected. In oil from green leaves, 49 compounds were identified, being 65.0% sesquiterpenes, 12.0% monoterpenes and 23.0% other substances. In oil from dry leaves, 40 compounds were identified, being 76.1% sesquiterpenes, 2.0% monoterpenes and 21.9% other compounds. The main constituents in green leaves were germacrene D (8.9%), bicyclegermacrene (5.3%), epialpha-cadinol (5.1%), alpha-cadinol (6.0%), and drimenol (9.3%). In dry leaves the main constituents were germacrene D (6.3%), (E)-nerodidol (5.4%), spathulenol (9.5%), epi-alpha-cadinol (5.5%), alpha-cadinol (6.7%), and drimenol (11.6%). Due to its composition, the species may possibly present some biological activities like antifungical, antibacterial, insectifuge, molluscicide, and also the pharmacological properties that the species may present.