In achieving Depok City development, the role of land transport has an important
Udara adalah faktor penting dalam kehidupan, namun, di era modern, sejalan dengan perkembangan pembangunan fisik kota dan pusat industri, serta berkembangnya transportasi, telah menyebabkan kualitas udara mengalami perubahan. Dari yang mulanya segar, kini, kering dan kotor akibat dari terjadinya pencemaran udara karena kendaraan transportasi. Lewat penggunaan metode kepustakaan, maka, tampak dengan jelas ada beberapa hal yang harus mendapatkan perhatian yang serius, di antaranya; 1. Pemberian izin bagi angkutan umum kecil lebih dibatasi, sementara, kendaraan angkutan massal, diperbanyak. 2. Kontrol jumlah kendaraan pribadi. 3. Pembatasan usia kendaraan . 4. Pembangunan MRT, dan pembuatan Electronic Road Pricing. 5. Pengaturan lalu lintas, rambu-rambu, dan tindakan tegas terhadap pelanggaran berkendaraan. 6. Uji emisi harus dilakukan secara berkala pada kendaraan umum maupun pribadi. 7. Penanaman pohon berdaun lebar di pinggir jalan yang lalu lintasnya padat serta di sudut-sudut kota.
Transportation is the backbone in creating social welfare in Jakarta. Therefore, if there are problems in the transportation system, it will have an impact on the smooth trafic low and will ultimately hamper the achievement of public welfare. This study used a descriptive-qualitative method. This study refers to the theory proposed by Anderson (in Tachjan, 2006: 23) and Sarana, et al (2009: 9). The results of the study are as follows. Policy implementation transportation system in Jakarta has been able to improve the social welfare of most citizens, which means some people have to feel and enjoy the outcome of transportation development in Jakarta. However, others have not optimally felt the positive impact of the policy. Even, it is perceived negatively; such as trafic jams which are almost evenly distributed throughout Jakarta causing high air pollution, hampered economic activity and generated high economic costs that social welfare was also weakened. This is reinforced by the increasing poverty rate in 2014 that reached 393,980 people thousand compared to previous years.Keywords: policy, transport, social welfare ABSTRAKTransportasi merupakan tulang punggung dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan sosial di Jakarta. Oleh sebab itu, jika terdapat problem di dalam sistem transportasinya, maka, akan berdampak pada kelancaran lalu lintas dan akhirnya akan menghambat tercapainya kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Penelitian ini merujuk pada teori yang dikemukakan oleh Anderson (dalam Tachjan, 2006: 23) dan Sarana, dkk (2009: 9). Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. Implementasi kebijakan sistem transportasi di Jakarta telah mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan sosial sebagian warga masyarakat, artinya; sebagian masyarakat telah merasakan dan menikmati hasil pembangunan transportasi di Jakarta. Selanjutnya, sebagian yang lain belum secara maksimal merasakan dampak positif atas kebijakan tersebut. Bahkan yang dirasakan adalah dampak negatif; misalnya kemacetan yang hampir merata di seluruh wilayah Jakarta sehingga menimbulkan pencemaran udara yang cukup tinggi, aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat terhambat dan menimbulkan ekonomi biaya tinggi sehingga kesejahteraan sosial pun turut melemah. Hal ini diperkuat dengan angka kemiskinan yang terus meningkat di tahun 2014 mencapai 393,98 ribu orang dibanding tahun-tahun sebelumnya.
ABSTRAKPropolis telah dikenal dikalangan masyarakat sebagai obat, dan makanan kesehatan. Propolis merupakan zat resin yang dikumpulkan oleh lebah madu (stingless bee dan honey bee) dari berbagai tanaman yang memiliki khasiat seperti antimikroba, antioksidan, induksi apoptosis dan anti kanker. Propolis adalah substansi resin keras, maka diperlukan adanya proses ekstraksi untuk mendapatkan propolis yang siap dikonsumsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa pengaruh variasi pH terhadap proses ekstraksi propolis dengan pelarut air dan karakterisasinya sebagai zat antimikroba. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan teknik maserasi, dengan perbandingan bubuk propolis dan pelarut adalah 2:8, dengan variasi pH 2,4,6,8 dan 10. Flavonoid diukur dengan metode kolorimetri kompleksasi aluminium -flavonoid. Aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Staphylococcus aureus diukur dengan metode difusi disk dan pembentukan zona hambatan. Dari deret standar didapatkan hasil regresi sebesar 0,9995 dan kandungan flavonoid tertinggi didapatkan dengan menggunakan pelarut air pH 8 yaitu sebesar 62,6098 ppm. Aktifitas antibakteri dari propolis menunjukan hasil positif membentuk zona hambat pada pelarut air pH 8 yaitu sekitar 2,0 mm. Didapatkan persamaan persamaan garis linearnya yaitu y = 5,6029x -4,2001 dengan nilai dengan R 2 adalah 0,8289. Kadar flavonoid optimum ditunjukkan pada ekstraksi pada pH 8Kata kunci :aktivitas antimikroba, flavonoid, pH, propolis ABSTRACT Propolis has been recognized among people as a medicine, and health food. Propolis is a resin substance collected by honey bee from various plants that have properties such as antimicrobials, antioxidants, apoptosis and anti-cancer. Propolis is a hard resin substance, it needs an extraction process to get propolis ready for consumption. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of pH variation on the extraction process of propolis with water solvent and its characterization as an antimicrobial agent. The extraction was done by maceration technique, with the ratio of propolis powder and solvent was 2: 8, with variation of pH 2,4,6,8 and 10. Flavonoids were measured by colorimetric complexation method of aluminum -flavonoids. Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was measured by the disk diffusion method and the formation of the inhibitory zone. From the standard series obtained regression of 0.9995 and the highest flavonoid content obtained by using water solvent pH 8 which is equal to 62.6098 ppm. Antibacterial activity of propolis showed positive result form resistor zone on water solvent pH 8 which is about 2.0 mm. The linear equation equation equation is y = 5,6029x -4,2001 with with R2 is 0,8289. The optimum flavonoid content is indicated on the extraction at pH 8
Bunga Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L) berpotensial sebagai salah satu sumber antosianin yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan, antimutagenik, dan antikarsinogenik. Antosianin dapat rusak pada suhu tinggi (pemanasan) yang biasa digunakan dalam pembuatan sejumlah produk pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kandungan antosianin dalam bunga kembang sepatu berdasarkan variable konsentrasi pelarut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol konsentrat dalam air. Variable tetap yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi etanol (60, 70, 80, 90, 96 % (v/v)). Waktu maserasi adalah selama 24 jam pada temperatur ruang dan kondisi terlindung dari cahaya matahari ataupun sinar langsung. Hasil ektraksi kemudian disaring dan dipekatkan dengan rotary vakum evaporator dan selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan instrument Spektrofotometer UV-Visible. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen dan kadar antosianin tertinggi ditandai dengan warna yang paling pekat yang didapatkan dari pelarut ethanol 96%. Hasil rendemen tertinggi yang diperoleh adalah 22,05% (b/b) yang mengandung ekstrak antosianin sebesar 48,260 mg dari 25 gram bahan baku. Persamaan yang menghubungkan antara variable konsentrasi pelarut etanol dan rendemen adalah y = -36,547x2 + 72,335x + 12,422. R2= 0,9642.Kata kunci : antosianin,ekstraksi, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L, kembang sepatu
Free sexual behavior is a problem of adolescents of concern. Free sex can cause new problems such as teen pregnancy, teenage marriage, teenage childbirth, and sexually transmitted diseases. The Government's effort in overcoming adolescent problems uses a peer approach through PIK R (Youth Information and Counseling Center). However, 50% of PIK administrators said they lacked confidence in providing counseling to their friends. So that module is needed that suit their needs. This study uses a qualitative method. The number of informants used was 11 people. This research was conducted in January-June 2017 in Banten Province. The counseling module contains counseling and substance needed to be related to adolescent reproductive health. Modules must be able to provide an overview and teach the counseling process, competency counseling, and counseling ethics. ABSTRAKPerilaku seks bebas menjadi permasalahan remaja yang menjadi perhatian. Perilaku seks bebas dapat menyebabkan permasalahan baru seperti kehamilan remaja, pernikahan remaja, persalinan remaja, dan penyakit menular seksual. Upaya Pemerintah dalam mengatasi permasalahan remaja menggunakan pendekatan teman sebaya melalui PIK R (Pusat Informasi dan Konseling Remaja). Namun, 50% pengurus PIK mengatakan kurang percaya diri dalam memberikan konseling pada temannya. Sehingga dibutuhkan modul yang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Jumlah informan yang digunakan sebanyak 11 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Juni 2017 di Provinsi Banten. Modul konseling berisi tentang konseling dan substansi yang dibutuhkan terkait kesehatan reproduksi remaja. Modul harus mampu memberikan gambaran dan mengajarkan Proses konseling, Kompetensi konseling, serta Etika konseling.
In achieving Depok City development, the role of land transport has an important and strategic position, so that policies need to be integrated in a single management policy and land transportation impact on the economy of the community in Depok. Various policies have been issued, in order to minimize the land transport problems, but no matter how well the policy will not work optimally for the management of land transportation is less addressed. This study used descriptive qualitative, because trying to find empirical facts with the proper interpretation of the action phenomenon. Results: 1. Selection land transportation that correspond to the characteristics of Depok City, and attentive to the needs and interests of all sections of society were different, able to support the effectiveness and efficiency of the provision of public transport services of the city. 2. Development of an adequate road network in the City of Depok has increased the economic sectors of society, increasing the value / price of land, the development of small-scale enterprises, medium and large, the product specialization between regions, the concentration and urbanization, especially in areas that have opened access roads and transport. Resulting in increased revenue Depok City coupled with equitable distribution of goods between residents, business lines spread across several regions. In addition, an increasing number and types of goods and services are able to produce consumer, government and industry.
Durian (durio zibertinus) is a native tropical fruit from Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia. Durian peel is the highest composition of durian fruit (60-75%), and is still considered as waste that causes environmental problems. This study aimed to analyze the content of secondary metabolites extract, to analyze the anti-bacterial activity of durian peel extract against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and to calculate the effectiveness of durian skin durian peel extract as a natural anti-bacterial ingredient in hand sanitizer products by using the paper disc method. Durian peel was extracted with ethanol to obtain extract solution which was then separated from the solvent and applied as an ingredient for hand sanitizer. The Analysis results showed that durian peel extract contains triterpenoids, alkaloids, and saponins, which are phytochemical compounds that anti-bacterial function. Durian peel extract at concentration of 1% wt. inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella thyposa and Sthapylococcus aureus with a clear zone diameters of 7.4 mm, 8.2 mm and 8.6 mm, respectively. In anti-septic tests, hand sanitizer samples containing durian peel extract showed that the interaction between the concentration of durian peel extract and the sampling duration simultaneously gave a significant effect in reducing the number of microorganism colonies.
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