The aim of this article is to study the development of Basque L2 by Spanish L1 children who attend school in a total immersion programme where Basque is the vehicular language. Narratives based on an adult model produced at ages 5 and 8 are analysed in order to better understand the acquisition process of Basque L2 in an immersion school context. Basque L1 children who are also educated in Basque from preschool age constitute a reference group. The same subjects participate in the research at both ages, which gives a longitudinal as well as a cross-sectional approach to the study. The degree of narrative autonomy, the organisation of the narrative structure and features of nominal and verbal cohesion and some metalinguistic strategies are analysed. The results show similar skills in both groups, and the differences are not always in favour of the L1 subjects. On the whole, L2 subjects seem to reproduce the adult model more closely. This study contributes to a better understanding of L2 development in a school context, focussing on the positive effects of Basque immersion programmes.
The aim of this paper is to analyse some aspects of development of Basque as a second language (L2) in children for whom Spanish is their first language (L1) who attended immersion school in Basque in a Spanish-speaking sociolinguistic context. Data consist of oral story retellings produced in a classroom setting where the same children participated at ages 5, 8 and 11. Another group of children for whom Basque was the L1 and who lived in a strong Basque-speaking environment also took part in the study. Two aspects are analysed in the stories: lexical difficulties and the production of text organisers. According to the results, the Basque L2 children seemed to have acquired a linguistic competence quite comparable to L1 capacity: the lexical aspects studied show a clear development in L2, since lexical gaps were frequent at age 5, diminished at age 8 and were practically non-existent at age 11. The production of text organisers also shows a clear developmental pattern and, with increasing age, the children produced a higher variety of text organisers, providing precise temporal links to different segments of the story. It is concluded that Basque immersion seems to foster the development of Basque L2 in contexts where the use of Basque is quite reduced.
Este é um artigo de acesso aberto, licenciado por Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), sendo permitidas reprodução, adaptação e distribuição desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados.RESUMEN -El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar secuencias didác-ticas (SD) para enseñar lengua/s diseñadas por profesores de educación primaria y proponer algunos indicadores que guíen a los enseñantes en la confección y validación (o autoevaluación) de las mismas. Entendemos la secuencia didáctica en el sentido de sus creadores ginebrinos, es decir, como una herramienta para la enseñanza del género textual como unidad comunicativa. El diseño de las secuencias estudiadas en este artículo se realiza a lo largo de unas sesiones de formación de profesorado; a la vista de los obstáculos que se observan en su elaboración (dificultades para explicitar la consigna, noción difusa del género textual, etc.), decidimos analizarlas a partir de unos ítems o criterios extraídos bási-camente de los principios que rigen las secuencias didácticas. Pensamos que las principales dificultades derivarán de las concepciones teóricas y metodológicas previas que tienen los profesores y de una concepción disociada de la SD y del género textual. Los resultados ponen de relieve cuáles son algunos de los aspectos que merecen especial atención a la hora de diseñar secuencias didácticas y sugieren el interés de contar con unos indicadores que guíen al docente en la confección de las mismas. Eso no significa, sin embargo, que deba tratarse de una lista cerrada y, evidentemente, futuros trabajos habrán de modificarla y completarla. Hasta el momento, estos criterios nos permiten confirmar la importancia de insistir en las bases teóricas y metodológicas de las secuencias didácticas en el marco de las sesiones formativas.Palabras clave: géneros textuales, didáctica de la lengua, secuencias didácticas.ABSTRACT -The aim of this paper is to analyze didactic sequences (DS) for language teaching designed by primary teachers and also to propose some criteria that may guide teachers in the creation and (self-) assessment of such sequences. Our perspective on didactic sequence follows the principles proposed by its Genevan creators, that is to say, we conceive them as tools for the teaching of text genres, which are in turn considered the unit of communication. The didactic sequences studied in this paper were designed over the course of some teacher training sessions. Given the difficulties observed in the elaboration process of the sequences (difficulties to explicit the instructions for text production; vague notion of text genre, etc.), the criteria used in order to analyze the sequences are based on the principles governing the didactic sequences. It is assumed that the main difficulties derive from teachers' previous theoretical and methodological assumptions and from a dissociated conception of didactic sequences and text genres. Results show the main aspects to be highlighted in the elaboration of DS and suggest the interest of rel...
El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una reflexión sobre la didáctica integrada de lenguas en el contexto de la educación plurilingüe vasca, basada en un análisis de una muestra de materiales didácticos. En el presente trabajo se ha focalizado en algunos aspectos de la producción de géneros textuales expositivos, tal y como se proponen en unidades didácticas de euskera, español e inglés de primero de secundaria. Se ha analizado, desde un punto de vista textual, el tratamiento de un aspecto gramatical específico como los conectores u organizadores textuales. Los resultados señalan que las unidades analizadas se basan en diversos criterios comunes y coordinados, lo que supone un avance hacia la didáctica integrada de lenguas. Asimismo, el análisis revela que cada unidad didáctica refleja una tradición distinta de la enseñanza del texto y de la gramática. El artículo concluye subrayando los retos derivados del hecho de que existan diferencias conceptuales y metodológicas en el tratamiento de la gramática. Estas diferencias afectan a la explotación del género textual como recurso didáctico, así como a la implementación de una didáctica integrada de lenguas.
This article presents the project «Towards a Joint Construction of Future Scenarios of Basque». The project had two aims: to help shape the new phase of pro-Basque move-ment for the next decades, and to design a new interpretative framework to comprehend and develop the revitalization process of Basque. We will describe the theoretical and methodological basis of the new framework, which we have named the KOHiKoGa Model (acronym for the development of the linguistic community based on community capitals), and will explain how the project was carried out. Finally, we will suggest that this new framework is an appropriate tool for the revitalization of Basque at the micro level. Lan honetan «Euskararen Etorkizuneko Eszenarioak Elkarrekin Eraikitzen» (e5) egi-tasmoa aurkeztuko da. e5 bi helburu nagusiren inguruan ardaztu zen: batetik, hurren-go hamarkadetarako euskalgintzaren aro berria konfiguratzen laguntzea, eta bestetik, euskararen biziberritze prozesua ulertzeko eta garatzeko marko interpretatibo berri bat lantzea. Artikuluan KOHiKoGa Eredua (Kapitaletan Oinarritutako Hizkuntz Komu-nitatearen Garapena) izendatu dugun marko berriaren oinarri teoriko-metodologikoak aurkeztuko ditugu eta e5 egitasmoa nola egikaritu zen azaldu. Azkenik, marko berri hau maila mikroan euskara biziberritzeko tresna egokia dela iradokiko dugu.
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