The effects of melatonin and epithalamin on the content of protein and lipid peroxidation products in the cortex and hippocampus of hypoxic rats were studied under conditions of acute hypobaric hypoxia equivalent to the altitude of 12,000 m. Pineal preparations reduced the intensity of free-radical processes in the brain exposed to acute hypoxia. Epithalamin more effectively than exogenous melatonin protected hippocampal neurons during acute hypoxia by reducing free-radical damage to lipids and proteins.
Introduction: The rapid development of perinatal gynecology requires from the anatomists comprehensive studies of the patterns of prenatal morphogenesis and the
development of topographic and anatomical relationships of female reproductive organs in the human fetuses of different age groups.
The aim: To study the development and formation of the vaginal topography in the prenatal period of human ontogenesis.
Materials and methods: The study has been conducted based on 23 series of histological and topographic-anatomical sections of human prefetuses aged 9-12 weeks with
31.0-80.0 mm of crown-rump length (CRL) and 83 specimens of female human fetuses aged 4-9 months with 81.0-345.0 mm of CRL by means of a complex of adequate
morphological methods of investigation.
Results and conclusions: Vaginal formation occurs during the 9th week of embryogenesis (prefetuses of 31.0-41.0 mm of CRL) due to the fusion of two different embryonic
structures: mesodermal paramesonephral ducts and endodermal urogenital sinus. In this case, the caudal regions of the paramesonephral ducts are transformed into the uterus
and the superior two thirds of the vagina, and the inferior third of the vagina develops from the urogenital sinus.
Common uterovaginal canal, divided into right and left cavities by mesenchymal septum, is formed in the female prefetuses of 38.0-43.0 mm of CRL due to the fusion of the caudal regions of
the paramesonephral ducts in the area of the posterior wall of the urogenital sinus. Complete dissolving of the septum of the uterovaginal canal occurs in prefetuses of 55.0-58.0 mm of CRL.
The anterior and posterior vaginal vaults of the same depth are formed in 5-month-old fetuses. Canalization of vagina in the caudo-cranial direction is observed in the fetuses
of 170.0-185.0 mm of CRL, with no clear boundary between the uterovaginal canal and the urogenital sinus. The vaginal epithelium in the upper third part originates from the
uterovaginal canal, and in the lower two thirds of the vagina – from the urogenital sinus.
In the 6-month-old fetuses there was detected the variability of the shape of the superior, middle and inferior third of the vagina, namely: oval (5 cases), elongated-oval (2
cases), stellate (1 case); in the lower third, the H-shaped form was predominantly found (6 fetuses).
The proliferation of the hymen membrane occurs in fetuses of 220.0-245.0 mm of CRL. The absence of timely proliferation of the hymen membrane can lead to its atresia, and
its premature proliferation causes the appearance of transverse vaginal septa.
The influence of glutathione on the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in rats' kidneys and blood under the conditions of rhabdomyolytic model of acute kidney injury was studied in the experiment. It is observed that intraperitoneal administration of glutathioneіn dose 30 mg/kg normalizes the prooxidant-antioxidant balance, confirmed by the reduction of lipid and protein peroxidation intensity, normalization of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity, SH-groups аndceruloplasmin content.
The experiment on white rats was targeted at the examination of influence of statins (atorvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin) under the conditions of acute renal failure, caused by rhabdomyolysis. Renoprotec tive effects of statins were demonstrated by reduction of hyperazotemia and proteinuria and improvement of renal excretory function, which correlated with antioxidant properties of drugs.
The effects of polypeptide complex from the kidney and short peptides AED, EDL, and AEDG on renal functions were studied in rats with cisplatin-induced acute renal failure. AED peptide decreased protein excretion and electrolyte concentration in the urine. Polypeptide complex from the kidney and peptides EDL and AEDG normalized diuresis, creatinine concentration in the urine and its excretion, glomerular filtration rate, and absolute resorption of sodium ions and reduced protein concentration in the urine and its excretion, the concentrations of sodium and potassium ions in the urine, and other parameters. EDL peptide produced was potent nephroprotective effect. It is known that the polypeptide complex of the kidney and short peptides restore the expression of signal molecules (marker of functional state of the kidneys), so these peptide substances can have nephroprotective effect during various renal pathologies.
We studied the effect of melatonin on the relationship between LPO intensity and proteolytic activity in basal nuclei (caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, amygdaloid complex, and nucleus accumbens septi) of rat brain during acute hypobaric hypoxia. Acute hypoxia was accompanied by LPO activation and increase in proteolytic activity. It should be emphasized that the intensity of proteolysis was higher in structures responding by more pronounced LPO activation (nucleus accumbens septi and globus pallidus). Intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/kg melatonin 30 min before acute hypoxia inhibited LPO and prevented the increase in proteolysis in basal nuclei of the brain. The effect of melatonin was most pronounced in basal nuclei highly sensitive to acute hypoxia.
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