Effects of Melatonin and Epithalamin on the Content of Protein and Lipid Peroxidation Products in Rat Cortex and Hippocampus under Conditions of Acute Hypoxia

Zamorskii, I. I.; Sopova, I. Yu.; Khavinson, V. Kh.

doi:10.1007/s10517-012-1873-7

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Rather than melatonin, a number of peptides extracted from pineal tissue, most of which were never structurally identified, were advanced as being the responsible agents for mediating the gland's action on the pituitary–gonadal axis . So far as the authors know, there is only a single group that still believes there are regulatory peptides of any type of pineal origin . The release of these peptides from the pineal gland has never been verified, an obvious requirement if they are to have actions throughout the organism.…”

Section: Introduction: Melatonin and The Evolution Of Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The release of these peptides from the pineal gland has never been verified, an obvious requirement if they are to have actions throughout the organism. If these mythological peptides do exist, they have never been tested for the diversity of functions exhibited by melatonin, for example, as antioxidants, although in one report the authors claimed that the pineal peptide, epithalamin, provides better protection against free radical damage than does melatonin . This seems doubtful, and this observation requires confirmation in an independent laboratory.…”

Section: Introduction: Melatonin and The Evolution Of Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[33][34][35][36] So far as the authors know, there is only a single group that still believes there are regulatory peptides of any type of pineal origin. 37,38 The release of these peptides from the pineal gland has never been verified, an obvious requirement if they are to have actions throughout the organism. If these mythological peptides do exist, they have never been tested for the diversity of functions exhibited by melatonin, for example, as antioxidants, although in one report the authors claimed that the pineal peptide, epithalamin, provides better protection against free radical damage than does melatonin.…”

Section: Introduction: Melatonin and The Evolution Of Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melatonin as an antioxidant: under promises but over delivers

Reíter

Mayo

Tan

et al. 2016

Journal of Pineal Research

1,271

1,040

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Melatonin is uncommonly effective in reducing oxidative stress under a remarkably large number of circumstances. It achieves this action via a variety of means: direct detoxification of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species and indirectly by stimulating antioxidant enzymes while suppressing the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes. In addition to these well-described actions, melatonin also reportedly chelates transition metals, which are involved in the Fenton/Haber-Weiss reactions; in doing so, melatonin reduces the formation of the devastatingly toxic hydroxyl radical resulting in the reduction of oxidative stress. Melatonin's ubiquitous but unequal intracellular distribution, including its high concentrations in mitochondria, likely aid in its capacity to resist oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. There is credible evidence to suggest that melatonin should be classified as a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Melatonin's capacity to prevent oxidative damage and the associated physiological debilitation is well documented in numerous experimental ischemia/ reperfusion (hypoxia/reoxygenation) studies especially in the brain (stroke) and in the heart (heart attack). Melatonin, via its antiradical mechanisms, also reduces the toxicity of noxious prescription drugs and of methamphetamine, a drug of abuse.Experimental findings also indicate that melatonin renders treatment-resistant cancers sensitive to various therapeutic agents and may be useful, due to its multiple antioxidant actions, in especially delaying and perhaps treating a variety of agerelated diseases and dehumanizing conditions. Melatonin has been effectively used to combat oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular apoptosis and to restore tissue function in a number of human trials; its efficacy supports its more extensive use in a wider variety of human studies. The uncommonly high-safety profile of melatonin also bolsters this conclusion. It is the current feeling of the authors that, in view of the widely diverse beneficial functions that have been reported for melatonin, these may be merely epiphenomena of the more fundamental, yet-to-be identified basic action(s) of this ancient molecule. K E Y W O R D Sdiseases of aging, drug toxicity, free radicals, ischemia/reperfusion, mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, organ transplantation, statins

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Section: Introduction: Melatonin and The Evolution Of Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: Melatonin and The Evolution Of Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: Melatonin and The Evolution Of Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Melatonin as an antioxidant: under promises but over delivers

Reíter

Mayo

Tan

et al. 2016

Journal of Pineal Research

1,271

1,040

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“…Hippocampal signaling pathways have been extensively investigated and are considered the predominant target of melatonin for preventing and treating neurological diseases and injuries, including autism, cerebral ischemia and cognitive impairment (21)(22)(23)(24)(25). In terms of epilepsy, several independent studies have investigated the effects of melatonin on biochemical alterations in experimental epilepsy models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term expression of metabolism-associated genes in the rat hippocampus following recurrent neonatal seizures and its regulation by melatonin

Hóng

Sun

Tian

et al. 2015

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Despite the effective use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for epilepsy, therapeutic failure occurs in 30% of patients. Novel approaches are targeting the inhibition of epileptogenesis. N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine (melatonin) is an indoleamine produced mainly by the pineal gland, and has been observed to exhibit antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects in experimental and clinical investigations. In the present study, the underlying protective mechanism of melatonin on neonatal seizure-induced long-term excitotoxicity was examined in the hippocampus of rats, predominantly on the metabolism-associated genes. Sprague Dawley rats (6-day-old; P6) were randomly divided into four groups, the control (Cont), melatonin-treated control (Mel), recurrent neonatal seizure (RS) and treatment with melatonin and RS combined (Mel+RS). At P35, mossy fiber sprouting and changes in gene expression in hippocampus were assessed using Timm staining, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and use of the 2(-ΔCT) methods, respectively. The aberrant mossy fiber sprouting in the supra granular region of the dentate gyrus and CA3 subfield of the hippocampus was suppressed by pretreatment with melatonin. In addition, among the nineteen genes identified, four energy metabolism-associated genes (Kcnj11, leptin receptor, dopamine receptor D2 and melanocortin 4 receptor), four lipid metabolism-associated genes (apolipoprotein A-I, opioid receptor κ 1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4 and cytochrome P450, family 46, subfamily a, polypeptide 1) and zinc transporter 1 (ZnT1), sphingomyelinase (nSMase) and Cathepsin-E, were markedly downregulated by melatonin treatment in the Mel group or in the developmental seizure RS and Mel + RS groups, compared with that in the Cont group. Furthermore, the melatonin-pretreated seizure rats (Mel + RS) exhibited a significantly upregulated expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα), acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), ZnT-1, metallothionein 1 (MT-1), nSMase and Cathepsin-E, compared with the RS rats. Thus, the present study investigated changes in the expression of metabolic genes in the hippocampus following pretreatment with melatonin. Fluorthyl-induced decreases in the expression levels of ACAT1/nSMase/Cathepsin-E, ZnT-1/MT-1 and CaMKIIα in the hippocampus, and the reversal by melatonin may be associated with a decrease in neonatal seizure-induced aberrant mossy fiber sprouting, which requires further investigation.

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“…На 8-му добу тваринам проводили навантаження піді-грітою до кімнатної температури водопровід-ною водою (5% від маси тіла) і досліджували показники іонорегулювальної функції нирок за умов форсованого діурезу [10]. Вивчали концентрацію, екскрецію, абсолютну та відносну реабсорбцію, проксимальний та дистальний транспорт іонів натрію, концен-траційний індекс, натрій/калієвий коефіцієнт та кліренс іонів натрію [11].…”

Section: методикаunclassified