Enuresis diurnal adalah enuresis yang terjadi saat siang ha ri sedangkan enuresis nokturnal adalah enuresis yang ter jadi saat anak tertidur di malam hari. Menurut awal

Depression is a fundamental disorder characterized by changes in mood or affect toward depression with or without anxiety. Depression is a state of mental disorder characterized by three main symptoms and seven additional symptoms. Diabetes Mellitus Type-1 (T1DM) is a systemic disorder caused by impaired glucose metabolism, which is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Depression is common in patients with T1DM. In this case report, a 13-year-old girl was consulted because she looks sad. A feeling of sadness has been felt for 3 months and has been getting worse since a week ago, which was initially because of T1DM. Patients usually work at home and carry out daily activities as usual. Currently, the patient has no desire and gets tired easily, especially when doing usual activities, thinking the pain will get worse and thinking that she can't recover. Complaints are felt throughout the day and worsen at night, especially before bed or when alone. The patient feels that she is useless and his future is bleak. During pregnancy, the patient's mother routinely checks with the midwife and gets complete immunizations. The patient was born vaginally and cried spontaneously. The patient also received complete basic immunization.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders encompass disturbances in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep. Several factors have contributed to sleep disorders in adolescents, including the use of electronic devices. In the COVID-19 pandemic era, there is a rising trend of screen time. AIM: The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescents and its relation with screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic era. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving students aged 15–18 years at three State High School, Denpasar, and Santo Yoseph Senior High School, Denpasar, in August 2020, using purposive sampling method. Data collections on characteristics of the subjects and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were performed using Google Forms. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test. RESULTS: A total of 243 students participated in this study, of which 39 students were excluded due to chronic diseases and consumption of caffeine within 6 h before bedtime. Sleep disorder was found in 30.4% of subjects and mostly characterized by sleep duration of <8 h (62.9%). Analysis of the association between screen time and sleep disorders showed a significant result (PR = 3.8, 95%CI = 1.09–13.1, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescents is considerably high. There is an association between screen time and sleep disorders that occur in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic era.

There is a close relationship between a person's mental health and gastrointestinal disorders. Psychogenic dysphagia is a rare condition related to swallowing disorders with no structural cause or organic diseases such as neurological deficits or other physical disorders. The mechanism of this swallowing disorder is still not well understood. Based on various studies that have been conducted, the condition of psychogenic dysphagia has comorbidity with psychological disorders such as anxiety disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress. In this case report, we will present a case of a 7-year-old male patient who had difficulty swallowing due to fear of vomiting with disturbed psychosocial conditions, and no organic disorders were found after the examination. The BDI examination showed a score of 18, which is within the border of clinical depression. So that the patient was diagnosed with psychogenic dysphagia which was included in the category of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in DSM 5. Holistic and multidisciplinary treatment was needed in this case. It was also reported that the success of medical treatment to reduce the patient's vomiting symptoms from pediatrics and psychologist department, combined with supportive psychotherapy and family-based treatment increases the patient's recovery rate.

Latar belakang dan tujuan: Data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012 menunjukkan angka kematian neonatal (AKN) di Indonesia sebesar 19/1000 kelahiran hidup. Penyebab utamanya adalah gangguan pernapasan/asfiksia (35,9%), prematur, BBLR (32,4%) dan sepsis (12%). Kejadian asfiksia neonatorum 5 tahun terakhir di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar relatif stagnan yaitu: 2010 (8,6%), 2011 (9,3%), 2012 (11,6%), 2013 (8,3%) dan 2014 (11,3%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko ibu dan bayi terhadap kejadian asfiksia neonatorum.Metode: Rancangan penelitian adalah kasus kontrol dengan sampel sebanyak 172 bayi yaitu 86 kasus dan 86 kontrol yang dipilih secara acak sederhana dari register kelahiran di RSUP Sanglah tahun 2015 dan dilakukan matching berdasarkan variabel usia kehamilan. Kasus adalah neonatus yang lahir dengan diagnosis asfiksia neonatorum (0-28 hari), sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah neonatus yang tidak asfiksia. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat (chi square test) dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang bermakna meningkatkan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum adalah: lilitan tali pusat dengan adjusted OR (AOR)=6,55 (95%CI: 2,34-18,33); anemia pada saat hamil dengan AOR=6,49 (95%CI: 2,21-19,03); partus lama dengan AOR=6,27 (95%CI: 1,37-28,70); BBLR dengan AOR=3,85 (95%CI: 1,61-9,18); umur ibu <20 tahun dan >35 tahun dengan AOR=3,57 (95%CI: 1,48-8,61) dan hipertensi pada saat hamil dengan AOR=2,40 (95%CI: 1,06-5,44).Simpulan: Faktor ibu dan bayi yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian asfiksia neonatorum yaitu lilitan tali pusat, anemia pada saat hamil, partus lama, BBLR, umur ibu <20 tahun dan >35 tahun, dan hipertensi pada saat hamil.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by impaired reciprocal social interaction and communication, and by a restricted, repetitive or stereotyped behavior.

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BACKGROUND: Despite the advances in medical and surgical care have improved the survival rates of children with congenital heart disease (CHD), they still remain risky for nutritional, cognitive problems, and quality of life. Those impacts vary according to the severity of heart lesions and still manifested years after surgery. AIM: The objective of this study was to compare growth, development, and quality of life between cyanotic and acyanotic CHD in 52 patients aged 24–69 months old from June to January 2018 in Sanglah Pediatric Cardiology clinic used WHO Anthro software, The Mullen Scales of Early Learning and PedsQL Cardiac module. RESULTS: We found significant different proportion of underweight 11.5% in acyanotic children, 42.3% in cyanotic by weight/age z-score <−2SD (p = 0.033). Height/ age z-score <−3SD 38.5% in cyanotic versus 11.5% in acyanotic (p = 0.025). The cyanotic showed a significant difference in cognitive function, presented by early learning composite score (p = 0.044) particularly in gross motor (p = 0.034) and receptive language (0.047). Quality of life differs significantly between both groups in heart problem and therapy (p = 0.042), treatment anxiety (p = 0.016), cognitive problems (p = 0.038), and communication (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION: Development, growth problems, and lower quality of life are common in cyanotic children, thus highlight the need for longitudinal surveillance.