Kecerdasan majemuk pertama kali diperkenalkan tahun 1983 oleh Howard Gardner diHarvard School of Education and Harvard Project Zero. Teori ini membantah tes seperticontoh Stanford Binet Test yang dikatakan sebagai hitungan tradisional yang tidakadekuat menilai kecerdasan. Menurut Gardner, kecerdasan melebihi dari hanya sekedarIQ (Intelligence Quotient) karena IQ yang tinggi tanpa ada produktifitas bukanmerupakan kecerdasan yang baik. Anak harus dinilai berdasarkan apa yang merekadapat kerjakan bukan apa yang tidak dapat mereka kerjakan. Kecerdasan didefinisikansebagai kemampuan untuk memecahkan masalah dan memiliki nilai lebih dalam sebuahkultur masyarakat. Kecerdasan adalah potensi biopsikologikal untuk mengolah informasisehingga dapat memecahkan masalah, menciptakan hasil baru yang menambah nilainilaibudaya setempat. Pandangan baru ini sangat berbeda dengan pandangan lamayang selalu mengandalkan dua penilaian yaitu verbal dan komputasional. Delapan macamkecerdasan itu antara lain, (1) Kecerdasan linguistik, (2) Kecerdasan logika-matematika,(3) Kecerdasan gerak tubuh, (4) Kecerdasan musikal, (5) Kecerdasan visual-spasial, (6)Kecerdasan interpersonal, (7) Kecerdasan intrapersonal, dan (8) Kecerdasan naturalis.

Enuresis diurnal adalah enuresis yang terjadi saat siang ha ri sedangkan enuresis nokturnal adalah enuresis yang ter jadi saat anak tertidur di malam hari. Menurut awal

BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders encompass disturbances in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep. Several factors have contributed to sleep disorders in adolescents, including the use of electronic devices. In the COVID-19 pandemic era, there is a rising trend of screen time. AIM: The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescents and its relation with screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic era. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving students aged 15–18 years at three State High School, Denpasar, and Santo Yoseph Senior High School, Denpasar, in August 2020, using purposive sampling method. Data collections on characteristics of the subjects and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were performed using Google Forms. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test. RESULTS: A total of 243 students participated in this study, of which 39 students were excluded due to chronic diseases and consumption of caffeine within 6 h before bedtime. Sleep disorder was found in 30.4% of subjects and mostly characterized by sleep duration of <8 h (62.9%). Analysis of the association between screen time and sleep disorders showed a significant result (PR = 3.8, 95%CI = 1.09–13.1, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescents is considerably high. There is an association between screen time and sleep disorders that occur in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic era.

Background In Indonesia, the infant mortality rate in 2001 was 50 per 1000 live births, with 34.7% due to perinatal death. This perinatal death was associated with low birth weight (LBW) newborn, which was caused by prematurity, infection, birth asphyxia, hypothermia, and inadequate breast feeding. In developing countries, lack of facilities of LBW infant care leads to the utilization of kangaroo method as care to prevent hypothermia in LBW newborn.Objective To evaluate the differences of hypothermia event andduration of birth weight regain in LBW newborns between earlykangaroo care (EKC) and conventional care (CC).Methods This was an open label randomized controlled trial. The1500-2250 g LBW newborns who were born in Sanglah Hospitalwere randomized to EKC and CC groups.Results Hypothermia events were found more often in CC groupthan EKC group (RR=0.645, 90% CI 0.45 to 0.92, P=0.05). Thisdifference was influenced by breast feeding frequency. Duration of birth weight regain in EKC group (median 5 days (SE=0.31, 90% CI 4.49 to 5.51) was shorter than CC group (median 6 days (SE=0.52, 90% CI 5.15 to 6.85), but this difference wasn't statistically significant (P=0.40). Percentage of birth weight decrease, breastfeeding frequency, and hyperbilirubinemia events that needed phototheraphy were associated with the duration of birth weight increase.Conclusion EKC helps to decrease the incidence of hypothermiaevents, but fails to shorten duration of birth weight increase.Percentage of birth weight decrease, breast-feeding frequency, and hyperbilirunemia events that need phototheraphy are associated with the duration of birth weight increase in LBW newborn.