Latar belakang dan tujuan: Data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012 menunjukkan angka kematian neonatal (AKN) di Indonesia sebesar 19/1000 kelahiran hidup. Penyebab utamanya adalah gangguan pernapasan/asfiksia (35,9%), prematur, BBLR (32,4%) dan sepsis (12%). Kejadian asfiksia neonatorum 5 tahun terakhir di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar relatif stagnan yaitu: 2010 (8,6%), 2011 (9,3%), 2012 (11,6%), 2013 (8,3%) dan 2014 (11,3%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko ibu dan bayi terhadap kejadian asfiksia neonatorum.Metode: Rancangan penelitian adalah kasus kontrol dengan sampel sebanyak 172 bayi yaitu 86 kasus dan 86 kontrol yang dipilih secara acak sederhana dari register kelahiran di RSUP Sanglah tahun 2015 dan dilakukan matching berdasarkan variabel usia kehamilan. Kasus adalah neonatus yang lahir dengan diagnosis asfiksia neonatorum (0-28 hari), sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah neonatus yang tidak asfiksia. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat (chi square test) dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang bermakna meningkatkan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum adalah: lilitan tali pusat dengan adjusted OR (AOR)=6,55 (95%CI: 2,34-18,33); anemia pada saat hamil dengan AOR=6,49 (95%CI: 2,21-19,03); partus lama dengan AOR=6,27 (95%CI: 1,37-28,70); BBLR dengan AOR=3,85 (95%CI: 1,61-9,18); umur ibu <20 tahun dan >35 tahun dengan AOR=3,57 (95%CI: 1,48-8,61) dan hipertensi pada saat hamil dengan AOR=2,40 (95%CI: 1,06-5,44).Simpulan: Faktor ibu dan bayi yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian asfiksia neonatorum yaitu lilitan tali pusat, anemia pada saat hamil, partus lama, BBLR, umur ibu <20 tahun dan >35 tahun, dan hipertensi pada saat hamil.

Background and purpose: Electronic cigarettes have been available globally since 2003 and first became for sale in Indonesia in 2010. Users tend to be predominately young people. The purpose of this study is to determine the proportion, characteristics and factors that influence the use of electronic cigarette among university students.Method: This research used a cross sectional survey with 351 undergraduate students from a variety of disciplines at Udayana University chosen by multistage sampling. In the first phase, 10 study programs were chosen randomly from 47 courses at Udayana University. The selection of respondents was influenced by the convenience of data collection, that is, questionnaire via the Survey Monkey application. Analysis with logistic regression was used to determine the factors influencing electronic cigarette usage based on several variables.Results: The proportion of students who used tobacco cigarettes was 14.53%. Respondents who reported using electronic cigarettes numbered 61 (17.38%, 95%CI: 13.46%-21.3%), and 40.98% of them were still current smokers. As many as 88.52% of respondents who had ever used electronic cigarette are male students, and 11.48% female students. Students who had ever used electronic cigarettes in the campus area totaled 22 people (36.07%). The reasons provided for using electronic cigarettes included a desire to stop using tobacco cigarettes (29.51%), the fact that electronic cigarettes are considered safer (26.23%), are considered “cool” (22.95%), experimental reasons, and other (26.23%). Multivariate analysis showed that the variables found to be associated with the use of electronic cigarettes were gender (AOR=14.72; 95%CI: 4.34-49.87), a history of smoking tobacco cigarettes (AOR=42.16; 95%CI: 13.56-131.08), had a history of consuming alcoholic beverages (AOR=5.72; 95%CI: 2.04-16.04) as well as coming from a smoking household (AOR=3.87; 95%CI: 1.33 - 11.21).Conclusion: The proportion of students who have ever used electronic cigarettes was found to be higher than cigarette tobacco users. In addition, use was found to be greater among male students than in female students. Influencing factors associated with the use of electronic cigarettes are gender, a history of tobacco smoking, a history of consuming alcoholic beverages as well as coming from a smoking household. There is a need for prevention efforts including education and regulations to reduce the use of electronic cigarettes among students and the general public.

Background and purpose: Early marriage through merariq or eloping tradition is a common practice in West Nusa Tenggara particularly in Central Lombok. Early marriage leads to several negative consequences on the reproductive health of female adolescents. This study aims to explore early marriage practices and its impacts on the reproductive health of female adolescents in Central Lombok.Methods: A qualitative study with a case study approach was conducted, and seven early married female adolescents purposively selected as the study participants. Interviews were also conducted with two family members of the female adolescents, one community leader, and a midwife who worked as an adolescent health coordinator at a public health centre. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach to map the reasons for early marriage and its impacts on the reproductive health of female adolescents.Results: Our in-depth interviews revealed that several reasons associated to early marriage practices were: lacking in knowledge regarding the effects of early marriages, perceived benefits of early marriages including perception on maturity and logical thinking, and social sanctions from the society because it considered a disgrace when the eloped girl returned home. Several negative consequences of early marriages emerged from this study were complicated pregnancy/delivery, low birth weight, and undernourished children. Our informants concerned about the psychological effects of early marriages which include fear, regret, and depression. Eloped female adolescents lose their agency for decision making including the right for further education.Conclusions: Early marriage practices bring negative health consequences to female adolescents. An active collaboration across health sector and community leaders is required to provide sufficient information regarding the harmful effects of early marriages. Also, a more effective communication strategy using a family-based approach is required to appropriately target female adolescents with health information associated with the impacts of early marriage.

Introduction: Dental and oral health is a fundamental part of general health and affects the overall well-being. Experts agree that dental and oral diseases are "behavioral diseases" or diseases related to behavior. Factors that affects the behavior of dental and oral health care is yet unknown, which leads to a research that involving 12 years old children in Puskesmas I Baturiti, Tabanan, to see the most affect the determinants to the behavior of oral hygiene. Method: Study design using cross sectional analytic model involving on 12 years old children in the working area of Puskesmas I Baturiti, Tabanan. All sample were taken using simple random sampling. Chisquare test was used to determine the association between knowledge, information support, attitudes, parental support, and teacher support towards oral hygiene behavior. Result: The study shows that correlation between health determinants with oral hygiene behavior on children age 12 years old, based on the knowledge, the result is p = 0.007. The result also shows that based on attitude, p = 0.033, and when based on the source of information, p = 0.000. Lastly, the result based on parental support and teacher support are p = 0.028, and p = 0.009. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between knowledge, attitude, source of information, parental and teacher support with treatment behavior of oral hygiene in children. Source of information is the dominant factors that affect the behavior of oral hygiene in children age 12 years old in Puskesmas I Baturiti, Tabanan.

Background and purpose: Adolescents with hearing impairment face a number of exclusion due to their limitation, including lack of access to information on reproductive health. This study aims to explore needs for sexual and reproductive health education for students with hearing impairment at Singaraja.  Methods: A qualitative study was conducted at Buleleng District. Data were collected through in-depth interviews to 19 informants. Informants were purposively selected based on their specific roles. Our informants included students with hearing impairment, head of school, teachers and parents or carers. Data were analysed using a thematic approach.Results: The majority of students with hearing impairment had low level of knowledge associated to sexual and reproductive health. However, sexual and reproductive health practices between adolescents with and without hearing impairment were generally comparable. Needs for sexual and reproductive health education must cover several elements: (1) education material must be tailored based on age, (2) learning methods should be tailored based on their intellectual ability, and (3) learning methods must use contextual and real model approach to allow better transfer of information. Teachers faced difficulty to provide sexual and reproductive health education for students with hearing impairment even though some modules are already available.Conclusions: The provision of sexual and reproductive health education for students with hearing impairment requires tailored material, simple and attractive learning methods, and visual media. Further analysis of the existing reproductive health education curricula for students with hearing impairment is required in order to ensure fulfilment of reproductive rights of adolescent with special needs.