Urban green infrastructure plays an increasingly significant role in sustainable urban development planning as it provides important regulating and cultural ecosystem services. Monitoring of such dynamic and complex systems requires technological solutions which provide easy data collection, processing, and utilization at affordable costs. To meet these challenges a pilot study was conducted using a network of wireless, low cost, and multiparameter monitoring devices, which operate using Internet of Things (IoT) technology, to provide real-time monitoring of regulatory ecosystem services in the form of meaningful indicators for both human health and environmental policies. The pilot study was set in a green area situated in the center of Moscow, which is exposed to the heat island effect as well as high levels of anthropogenic pressure. Sixteen IoT devices were installed on individual trees to monitor their ecophysiological parameters from 1 July to 31 November 2019 with a time resolution of 1.5 h. These parameters were used as input variables to quantify indicators of ecosystem services related to climate, air quality, and water regulation. Our results showed that the average tree in the study area during the investigated period reduced extreme heat by 2 °C via shading, cooled the surrounding area by transferring 2167 ± 181 KWh of incoming solar energy into latent heat, transpired 137 ± 49 mm of water, sequestered 8.61 ± 1.25 kg of atmospheric carbon, and removed 5.3 ± 0.8 kg of particulate matter (PM10). The values of the monitored processes varied spatially and temporally when considering different tree species (up to five to ten times), local environmental conditions, and seasonal weather. Thus, it is important to use real-time monitoring data to deepen understandings of the processes of urban forests. There is a new opportunity of applying IoT technology not only to measure trees functionality through fluxes of water and carbon, but also to establish a smart urban green infrastructure operational system for management.

Изучены ветеринарно-санитарные требования в отдельных зарубежных странах при убое животных на мясо, особенности ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы и оценки продуктов убоя при болезнях. Установлены некоторые различия в структуре и содержании основных нормативных документов -Правил ветсанэкспертизы или законов о мясе, которыми должны пользоваться вете-ринарные специалисты стран-экспортеров и стран-импортеров при международной торговле мясным сырьем. Определены несовпадения в ветеринарно-санитарной оценке мяса и субпродуктов при некоторых болезнях, выявляемых в России и в зарубежных странах при убое животных. Рекомен-довано при утверждении новых российских «Правил ветеринарного осмотра убойных животных и ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы мяса и мясных продуктов» внести дополнения с учетом вете-ринарно-санитарной оценки продуктов убоя животных,утвержденной в зарубежных странах, что позволит оптимизировать ветеринарные требования к убойным животным, мясному сырью и гото-вым мясным продуктам.Ключевые слова: продукты убоя, Правила ветсанэкспертизы, болезни, ветсаноценка, зачистка, выбраковка, утилизация, лабораторный анализ Актуальность. В любом современном обществе люди все больше стали осо-знавать необходимость заботы о своем здоровье и зависимость его от потребля-емых продуктов питания, большую часть которых составляет продукция живот-ного происхождения, в том числе мясо и мясные продукты. Доброкачественное и безопасное для потребителей мясное сырье получают от здоровых животных, выращенных в соответствии с их биологическими особенностями и физиологиче-скими потребностями убитых под строгим контролем специалистов ветеринарной службы. Однако в последние годы условия содержания животных все больше при-ближаются к промышленным методам выращивания; при этом повышается ин-тенсивность откорма и эксплуатации продуктивного скота, что отрицательно влия-ет на доброкачественность мяса, субпродуктов и других продуктов убоя. Это вызывает определенную озабоченность у переработчиков и создает необходи-мость повышать требования к предубойной оценке здоровья животных и после-убойной ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизе органов и туш.Ветеринарно-санитарный контроль является одним из основных видов дея-тельности ветслужбы, так как он важен для охраны здоровья населения от болез-

The rate of benign tumor detection in slaughtered cattle was studied. Tumor pathology was detected on average in 0.04% of the studied livestock. Manifestations of various new growths in this animal species have specific features. Tumors are detected 2-3 times more often in cows and bulls than in young animals. The veterinary and sanitary characteristics of cattle meat affected with benign tumors were compared with those of animal meat without tumors. Affected meat had deviations in physical properties, chemical composition of meat affected with tumors, content of primary protein breakdown products, volatile fatty acids (+0.05 mg/KOH) and amino-ammonium nitrogen (+0.54 mg/%) compared with meat of healthy cattle. It was revealed that the samples of meat affected with tumors were highly contaminated with microorganisms (0.28…0.80×10 2 ), including coliforms and St. aureus. Pathogenic bacteria of the genera Salmonella, L. monocytogenes, Cl. perfringens etc. were not detected in the test samples. In meat affected with tumors, relative bioavailability decreased by 4.99…13.87% and safety -by 5.89…13.89% as compared to meat of healthy cattle. Based on the data obtained, proposals were developed on the most rational and safe use of meat from animals affected by benign tumors for food and feed.

The rate of sarcocystosis detection in slaughtered cattle was studied. The infection rate for slaughtered animals averaged 0.382.11 % of studied livestock. The location of sarcocysts in various muscle tissues of the carcass was determined. Organoleptic, physical chemical and microbiological characteristics of beef from sick and healthy animals were compared. Detected was a decrease in sensory indicators by 0.140.34 points, an increase in pH - by 0.34 units, an increase in VFA - by 0.4 mg/KOH and in amino-ammonia nitrogen concentration - by 0.09 mg/%. The content of protein decreased by 0.92 %, fat - by 1.04 %, and moisture level increased by 2.90 %. At the same time, a decrease in relative bioavailability by 10.7 % and safety by 5.1104 of meat infected with sarcocystosis as compared to meat of healthy cattle was detected. It was found out that the shelf life of chilled meat from animals infected with sarcocystosis is 1-2 days less than that of healthy ones. Based on the data obtained, proposals were developed for improving the veterinary-sanitary evaluation of meat and other products of slaughtered animals infected with sarcocystosis in order to be incorporated into the Rules of Veterinary Sanitary Examination of Meat and Meat Products.

Sea buckthorn berries and products of their processing, including meal, have certain prospects in improving broiler meat production. The present paper contains materials on feeding broilers with sea buckthorn meal in the amount of 0.4-0.6% of the basic diet of chickens. Meal was added to the feed of broilers starting with Day 14 and up to Day 49 of age. The feed intake (basic diet), clinical condition of chickens, daily weight gains and preslaughter live weight were considered. The study was carried out by comparing to the group of chickens of the same age that received additional 0.4-0.6% feed instead of 0.4-0.6% of sea buckthorn meal. At the age of 49 day s all chickens were slaughtered for further study of meat characteristics comparing to meat of broilers of the control group. The use of sea buckthorn meal in feeds during 35 days in the amount of about 0.6% of the basic diet provided1 1% increase of daily weight gain of broilers compared to the control group and improved consumer as well as veterinary and sanitary meat characteristics.

Ground penetrating radar is non-invasive technology suitable for mapping moisture content variations since it shows high sensitivity to changes in water saturation. In this work we used a GPR tomography approach to estimate moisture content within two small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) and two Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trunks. Additional information was derived using the method of GPR zero-offset. GPR data was collected in Moscow (diurnal monitoring in September 2021) using a shielded GPR antenna working at 1500 MHz. Moisture values derived from GPR data were compared with the values obtained directly by measuring sampled wood cores gravimetrically. A good agreement was observed between GPR-derived moisture content and core sample-derived values. Notwithstanding GPR-derived moisture content is about two times higher than core sample-derived values, a strong linear relation with a determination coefficient more than 0.8 is observed. Diurnal monitoring did not reveal any significant changes in moisture content inside the trunks. It can be concluded that the period of early autumn in the Moscow region is characterized by a constant moisture content of the small-leaved lime trunk during the day.

Представлены материалы по микробиологическим исследованиям полуфабрикатов из мяса птицы (филе, фарш, мясо механической обвалки), выполненные в режиме реального времени в 2016-2017 гг. Определены микробиологические показатели полуфабрикатов различных изготовителей в разные сезоны года. Выявлено, что 19-23% реализуемых птичьих полуфабрикатов имеют повышенное КМАФАнМ, КОЕ/г, при этом в 12-28% образцов выделены бактерии группы кишечных палочек, в 3-10% образцов-бактерии рода Salmonella, 5-14%-бактерии рода Pseudomonаs, в 12-36%-микроорганизмы кокковых форм, в 7-26%-клостридии, в 15-17%молочнокислые бактерии, в 9-37%-бактерии рода Proteus. В отдельных образцах полуфабрикатов обнаружены споры плесеней и клетки дрожжей. Listeria monocytogenes в исследуемых полуфабрикатах не выявляли. Наибольшую контаминацию микроорганизмами имели фарш и мясо механической обвалки бройлеров и индеек по сравнению с образцами куриного филе. В мясном сырье, имеющем микробную загрязненность свыше 1 • 10 6 КОЕ/г, отмечали изменения в органолептических и физико-химических показателях. На основании полученных данных разработаны предложения по снижению микробной контаминации полуфабрикатов и рекомендации по наиболее рациональному использованию птичьего мяса на пищевые или кормовые цели.

The article presents materials on veterinary and sanitary examination and assessment of broiler meat experimentally contaminated with pseudomonosis. The clinical and pathological manifestation of the disease was studied in experiments on chickens of 40-55 days of age. The results identify the deviations in the commodity and organoleptic parameters of meat, in the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscles, in microbial contamination and harmlessness of meat infected with pseudomonosis of broilers, in comparison with the meat of healthy chickens. Proposals have been developed for veterinary and sanitary assessment and the most rational use of poultry meat contaminated with pseudomonosis.