Urban green infrastructure plays an increasingly significant role in sustainable urban development planning as it provides important regulating and cultural ecosystem services. Monitoring of such dynamic and complex systems requires technological solutions which provide easy data collection, processing, and utilization at affordable costs. To meet these challenges a pilot study was conducted using a network of wireless, low cost, and multiparameter monitoring devices, which operate using Internet of Things (IoT) technology, to provide real-time monitoring of regulatory ecosystem services in the form of meaningful indicators for both human health and environmental policies. The pilot study was set in a green area situated in the center of Moscow, which is exposed to the heat island effect as well as high levels of anthropogenic pressure. Sixteen IoT devices were installed on individual trees to monitor their ecophysiological parameters from 1 July to 31 November 2019 with a time resolution of 1.5 h. These parameters were used as input variables to quantify indicators of ecosystem services related to climate, air quality, and water regulation. Our results showed that the average tree in the study area during the investigated period reduced extreme heat by 2 °C via shading, cooled the surrounding area by transferring 2167 ± 181 KWh of incoming solar energy into latent heat, transpired 137 ± 49 mm of water, sequestered 8.61 ± 1.25 kg of atmospheric carbon, and removed 5.3 ± 0.8 kg of particulate matter (PM10). The values of the monitored processes varied spatially and temporally when considering different tree species (up to five to ten times), local environmental conditions, and seasonal weather. Thus, it is important to use real-time monitoring data to deepen understandings of the processes of urban forests. There is a new opportunity of applying IoT technology not only to measure trees functionality through fluxes of water and carbon, but also to establish a smart urban green infrastructure operational system for management.

Изучены ветеринарно-санитарные требования в отдельных зарубежных странах при убое животных на мясо, особенности ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы и оценки продуктов убоя при болезнях. Установлены некоторые различия в структуре и содержании основных нормативных документов -Правил ветсанэкспертизы или законов о мясе, которыми должны пользоваться вете-ринарные специалисты стран-экспортеров и стран-импортеров при международной торговле мясным сырьем. Определены несовпадения в ветеринарно-санитарной оценке мяса и субпродуктов при некоторых болезнях, выявляемых в России и в зарубежных странах при убое животных. Рекомен-довано при утверждении новых российских «Правил ветеринарного осмотра убойных животных и ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы мяса и мясных продуктов» внести дополнения с учетом вете-ринарно-санитарной оценки продуктов убоя животных,утвержденной в зарубежных странах, что позволит оптимизировать ветеринарные требования к убойным животным, мясному сырью и гото-вым мясным продуктам.Ключевые слова: продукты убоя, Правила ветсанэкспертизы, болезни, ветсаноценка, зачистка, выбраковка, утилизация, лабораторный анализ Актуальность. В любом современном обществе люди все больше стали осо-знавать необходимость заботы о своем здоровье и зависимость его от потребля-емых продуктов питания, большую часть которых составляет продукция живот-ного происхождения, в том числе мясо и мясные продукты. Доброкачественное и безопасное для потребителей мясное сырье получают от здоровых животных, выращенных в соответствии с их биологическими особенностями и физиологиче-скими потребностями убитых под строгим контролем специалистов ветеринарной службы. Однако в последние годы условия содержания животных все больше при-ближаются к промышленным методам выращивания; при этом повышается ин-тенсивность откорма и эксплуатации продуктивного скота, что отрицательно влия-ет на доброкачественность мяса, субпродуктов и других продуктов убоя. Это вызывает определенную озабоченность у переработчиков и создает необходи-мость повышать требования к предубойной оценке здоровья животных и после-убойной ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизе органов и туш.Ветеринарно-санитарный контроль является одним из основных видов дея-тельности ветслужбы, так как он важен для охраны здоровья населения от болез-

The rate of benign tumor detection in slaughtered cattle was studied. Tumor pathology was detected on average in 0.04% of the studied livestock. Manifestations of various new growths in this animal species have specific features. Tumors are detected 2-3 times more often in cows and bulls than in young animals. The veterinary and sanitary characteristics of cattle meat affected with benign tumors were compared with those of animal meat without tumors. Affected meat had deviations in physical properties, chemical composition of meat affected with tumors, content of primary protein breakdown products, volatile fatty acids (+0.05 mg/KOH) and amino-ammonium nitrogen (+0.54 mg/%) compared with meat of healthy cattle. It was revealed that the samples of meat affected with tumors were highly contaminated with microorganisms (0.28…0.80×10 2 ), including coliforms and St. aureus. Pathogenic bacteria of the genera Salmonella, L. monocytogenes, Cl. perfringens etc. were not detected in the test samples. In meat affected with tumors, relative bioavailability decreased by 4.99…13.87% and safety -by 5.89…13.89% as compared to meat of healthy cattle. Based on the data obtained, proposals were developed on the most rational and safe use of meat from animals affected by benign tumors for food and feed.

Ground penetrating radar is non-invasive technology suitable for mapping moisture content variations since it shows high sensitivity to changes in water saturation. In this work we used a GPR tomography approach to estimate moisture content within two small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) and two Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trunks. Additional information was derived using the method of GPR zero-offset. GPR data was collected in Moscow (diurnal monitoring in September 2021) using a shielded GPR antenna working at 1500 MHz. Moisture values derived from GPR data were compared with the values obtained directly by measuring sampled wood cores gravimetrically. A good agreement was observed between GPR-derived moisture content and core sample-derived values. Notwithstanding GPR-derived moisture content is about two times higher than core sample-derived values, a strong linear relation with a determination coefficient more than 0.8 is observed. Diurnal monitoring did not reveal any significant changes in moisture content inside the trunks. It can be concluded that the period of early autumn in the Moscow region is characterized by a constant moisture content of the small-leaved lime trunk during the day.

Представлены материалы по микробиологическим исследованиям полуфабрикатов из мяса птицы (филе, фарш, мясо механической обвалки), выполненные в режиме реального времени в 2016-2017 гг. Определены микробиологические показатели полуфабрикатов различных изготовителей в разные сезоны года. Выявлено, что 19-23% реализуемых птичьих полуфабрикатов имеют повышенное КМАФАнМ, КОЕ/г, при этом в 12-28% образцов выделены бактерии группы кишечных палочек, в 3-10% образцов-бактерии рода Salmonella, 5-14%-бактерии рода Pseudomonаs, в 12-36%-микроорганизмы кокковых форм, в 7-26%-клостридии, в 15-17%молочнокислые бактерии, в 9-37%-бактерии рода Proteus. В отдельных образцах полуфабрикатов обнаружены споры плесеней и клетки дрожжей. Listeria monocytogenes в исследуемых полуфабрикатах не выявляли. Наибольшую контаминацию микроорганизмами имели фарш и мясо механической обвалки бройлеров и индеек по сравнению с образцами куриного филе. В мясном сырье, имеющем микробную загрязненность свыше 1 • 10 6 КОЕ/г, отмечали изменения в органолептических и физико-химических показателях. На основании полученных данных разработаны предложения по снижению микробной контаминации полуфабрикатов и рекомендации по наиболее рациональному использованию птичьего мяса на пищевые или кормовые цели.

The article presents materials on veterinary and sanitary examination and assessment of broiler meat experimentally contaminated with pseudomonosis. The clinical and pathological manifestation of the disease was studied in experiments on chickens of 40-55 days of age. The results identify the deviations in the commodity and organoleptic parameters of meat, in the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscles, in microbial contamination and harmlessness of meat infected with pseudomonosis of broilers, in comparison with the meat of healthy chickens. Proposals have been developed for veterinary and sanitary assessment and the most rational use of poultry meat contaminated with pseudomonosis.

The article presents information about sheep sarcocystosis, which in recent years has become quite widespread in many countries of the world and in certain regions of the Russian Federation. The results of veterinary and sanitary examination at 32 animal processing enterprises for the last 27 months have been analyzed. It was established that sarcocystosis is detected in 1,04...1,17% of sheep arriving for slaughter. The extent of infection of sheep with sarcocystosis depends on the age of the animals. The disease is more often found in adult sheep and much less often in young animals. More often adult sheep are ill and less young ones. Sarcocysts were not detected in lambs aged 4...4,5 months, in young animals older than 5...6 months, the pathogen is found in isolated cases, and only when sheep over a year are slaughtered, sarcocysts can be found in 1,02% of the livestock. In ewes and rams, the extent of sarcocystosis increased irregularly, and in some batches of sheep received at slaughterhouses, sarcocystosis of weak (72,5%) degree was more often noted, less often – of moderate (14,6%) and strong (3,2%) degree.

The article presents the results of studies of carcasses of domestic and wild ducks for the purpose of detection of sarcocystosis. The commodity, organoleptic, physico-chemical, microbiological indicators of the meat of sick and healthy domestic and wild ducks were determined. Researches were carried out in spring and autumn in the farms of six regions of Central Russia, on the territory of which there were large reservoirs (ponds, lakes or swamps). The intensity of the destruction of wild ducks by sarcocystosis was high, of domestic ducks was medium. Sarcocystis one wild duck found in large quantity in the chest muscles and lower in the muscles of the neck, the other two (domestic and wild) affected ducks Sarcocystis was discovered in many skeleton, which muscles. In chest muscles of one wild duck sarcocystis has revealed in large quantity and lower in the muscles of the neck, sarcocystis was discovered in many muscles of skeleton of the other two (domestic and wild) affected ducks. The size of the sarcocystosis was different, but no more than the millet grain. In our opinion, in cases of intense muscle lesions with sarcocistosis, carcasses and poultry organs should be sent for disposal or fed to animals after stripping and boiling for at least 1 hour. At weak injury and the absence of dystrophic processes in the muscles of the carcass, their internal organs are cleaned and sent to the canning industry. It is not allowed to feed infected sarcocistosis raw bird meat to dogs, cats and other carnivores.