Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), an antibacterial sulfonamide drug, has been selectively determined using poly‐1,5‐diaminonaphthalene (p‐DAN) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The modified sensor was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). SMZ showed linear response in the concentration range of 0.5–150 µM by using square wave voltammetry (SWV) and the detection limit was found to be 0.05 nM with sensitivity of 0.085 µA µM−1. The proposed sensor has been successfully employed to determine SMZ in the pharmaceutical tablets and human urine samples.
A simple and highly sensitive method based on poly-1,5-diaminonapthalene (p-DAN) modified pyrolytic graphite sensor (MPGS) is delineated for the simultaneous determination of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), paracetamol (PAR) and caffeine (CF) in nanomolar concentrations in human urine. The electrooxidation of ASA, PAR and CF occurred in well defined peaks at pH 7.2. After optimization of analytical conditions exploiting this sensor, the peak currents for the three compounds were found to increase linearly with increase in their concentration in the range of 0.1-120 nM and detection limits of, 0.93 × 10 −10 , 0.57 × 10 −10 and 0.64 × 10 −10 M were observed for ASA, PAR and CF respectively. The sensor was also successfully employed for the simultaneous determination of all the three compounds in human urine and pharmaceutical samples using square wave voltammetry (SWV). As a conducting polymer modified sensor has been used, several advantages, such as a very low detection limits, high sensitivity, long stability and excellent reproducibility were observed. The method is selective and all the three compounds can be determined effectively in human urine samples without any interference from common urine metabolites such as uric acid and ascorbic acid.
A comparison of voltammetric behavior of bisoprolol fumarate (BF) at edge and basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes (EPPGE/BPPGE) has been made with single wall carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon. The electrochemical properties are investigated exercising the cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Enhanced peak current associated with bisoprolol fumarate oxidation at EPPGE is due to its better electron transfer property. Quantification of bisoprolol fumarate was carried out at pH 7.2 at both the pyrolytic graphite electrodes. Well-defined peak has been observed at ~792 and 954 mV at EPPGE and BPPGE respectively for bisoprolol fumarate oxidation. The detection limit is found to be 2.8 × 10 -7 M and 7.3 × 10 -7 M for EPPGE and BPPGE respectively. A comparison of common quantification parameters for bisoprolol at carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode and bare BPPGE and EPPGE has been made and it is observed that carbon naotube modified glassy carbon exhibits sensitivity and detection limit close to that observed at bare basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode. The method developed is applicable for determination of bisoprolol fumarate in pharmaceutical preparations and real samples.
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