West Java is rich in essential oil-producing plants, essential oils known to be responsible for some pharmacological activities among its antioxidant and antimicrobial. This research aims to know antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and identify the components of a compound essential oil of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.). Components chemistry identified with GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass pectrometer). Antioxidant activity measured by using the DPPH method (2 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) at 516 λ wavelength absorbance. Antimicrobial activity determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) using microdilution method. The result of GC-MS showed the highest component on nutmeg containing 22.22% myristicin. The antioxidant test showed nutmeg had IC50 at 3,16%, essential oil showed antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of essential oils range from 0.313% to 10%. The content of essential oils of nutmeg plants that grow in the area of West Java Garut can be used to overcome the problems of antioxidants and antimicrobial.Key words: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt), Chemical Composition.
Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) is a family of Zingiberaceae. Several studies have shown that kencur can help reduce inflammation because kencur is known to contain anti-inflammatory compounds, namely marker compounds from flavonoids, kaempferol. For the development of pharmaceutical preparations, research on anti-inflammatory plasters containing 96% ethanol extract, n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and 70% ethanol extract from ginger rhizome with the addition of penetration enhancer (enhancer), namely propylene glycol. This anti-inflammatory plaster was tested for its activity in 5 groups of Wistar strain rat feet which had been induced 1% carrageenan (negative control); positive control (diclofenac sodium), ethanol96% extract, n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and 70% ethanol extract from kencur rhizome and compared with plaster of kencur rhizome ethanol extract without enhancer. The results showed the effect of adding enhancers 30 minutes after administration. 96% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract had reduced inflammation by 79.99% in rat test animals compared to plaster ethanol extract of rhizome kencur without the addition of enhancers. Keywords : Kaempferia galanga. L., patch, anti-inflammatory, enhancer, propylene glycol
Secondary metabolite compounds from Morus nigra (MN), has been shown to have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. moreover, phenolics and flavonoids contained in this species are partly responsible for those activities. This study aims to evaluate the mode of action of MN stem bark extract and its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The stem bark of MN was macerated using ethanol as a solvent for 72 h. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of the extract were evaluated using Agar diffusion and microdilution methods, by determining the zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphological changes induced by the extract. The protein and ion leakage from the bacterial cells were analyzed spectrophotometrically. The extract exhibited antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, at a MIC value of 8mg/mL. Furthermore, it discovered via SEM that at 4xMIC, this extract could damage the membrane cell of Streptococcus mutans. Finally, protein and ion leakage were observed in bacterial cells of Streptococcus mutans induced with this extract. MN stem bark extract is a potential herbal medicine, which has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.
Objective: Study described the screening potential antidiabetic activity of kabau seed extract and fraction. Methods: The powdered crude drugs weighing 1349.32 grams were extracted with a solvent with solvents with escalating polarity by using soxhletation. The solvents used were n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 96% ethanol. Screening activity using three variations on doses on the three extracts using the glucose test tolerance method, then the alloxan induction and high-fat feed induction testing methods using selected doses, decreasing blood glucose levels using the GOD PAP enzyme and decreasing MDA levels and increased levels of the enzyme SOD. Extracts that have potential antidiabetic activity are fractionated using liquid-solid fractionation; then the fraction is screened for antidiabetic activity using the glucose test tolerance method. Results: Screening for antidiabetic activity on the three extracts using the glucose test tolerance method showed that the ethanol extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW. The three extracts were then screened for the next mechanism using the alloxan induction method and high-fat feed induction, the decrease in blood sugar levels by the GOD-PAP method showed a good decrease in the ethanol extract by 202.94±2 mg/dl, the three extracts showed good less significant, in the SOD enzyme method, the ethanol extract gave a good value such as the positive control value. Testing on fraction can decrease in blood sugar; the results showed that the ethanol extract and methanol fraction gave a small AUC 0-150 (32695,3 and 33167,71), where the value was close to the result of the glibenclamide 30238,48. Conclusion: The antidiabetic activity of the extract showed that the ethanol extract was better with the glucose test tolerance method, with alloxan induction animal models and high-fat feed induction. In the methanol fraction derived from 96% ethanol extract, it provides a good reduction in blood sugar levels in the screening method with a glucose test tolerance
Phytochemical screening Phytochemical screening was performed toward all extracts. Magnesium ribbon, HCl and amylalcohol for flavonoid compound. FeCl3 10% used for phenolic compound, gelatine for tannin, Dragendorf and Mayer reagents for alkaloid, Potassium hydroxide 5% for quinone, vanillin 10% in H 2 SO 4 for monoterpene and sesquiterpene, Lieberman-ABSTRACT Background: Kabau is one of the famous plants in Lampung and South Sumatra. Kabau is usually used as an ingredient to increase the aroma of cooking. Kabau is a plant belongs to the same genus with Archidendron pauciflorium (Benth.) IC. Nielsen and in the same family with Leucaena leucocephala L. Objective: The purpose of this research was to compare the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity between seed and fruit carp (shell) of kabau grown in Lampung and South Sumatra. Method: Kabau seeds and the shells were obtained from Lampung and South Sumatra. Extractions were conducted by maceration and a continuous extraction using Soxhlet apparatus with ethanol as the solvent. Phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of the extract were then measured. Results: The antioxidant activity and high phenol levels were found in kabau shell extract obtained by maceration method with IC-50 value of seed shell from Lampung 17.61 μg/mL and 44, 7 μg / mL for those from South Sumatra. Phenol content of seed shell from Lampung 11.74 g GAE / 100 g and South Sumatra 5.88 g GAE / 100 g. Conclusion: Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that high antioxidant activity and high levels of total phenol were found in shell extract obtained by maceration of shell from Lampung and South Sumatra.
Inflammation is a local reaction in vascular tissue characterized by several symptoms, e.g., swelling, redness, and pain. Indonesia is one of the countries with high biodiversity, including traditional medicinal plants. Artocarpus altilis is one the plants that is widely used to treat inflammation. There is limited information on biological activity of A. altilis.This study was performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory properties of A. altilis detached and attached leaves in Wistar male rats. A. altilis was extracted using soxhlet method at 67.4 0C with methanol solvent. Inflammation was induced by the administration of carrageenan to the rats paw. Subsequently, the extract of A. altilis were orally administered. The edema were measured using plethysmometer for 6 hours. We found that there were differences in anti-inflammatory activity between detached and attached leaves. The inhibition of edema in attached leaves were 50% and 53.33% for the concentration of 50 mg and 100 mg, respectively. The greater inhibiton was observed in the detached leaves, with 73.33% and 76.67% inhibition, for the concentration of 50 mg and 100 mg, respectively. Nevertheless, the inhibition percentage was still below diclofenac sodium as a positive control (83.33%). In conclusion, A. altilis leaves extracts showed good anti-inflammatory properties and has the potential for development of anti-inflammatory drug. Keywords: Artocarpus altilis, carageenan, inflammation, edema
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