The aim of the study was to examine the response of wheat cultivar Sakha-93 to 3 weed control treatments and two sowing methods.The experiment included 6 treatments which were the combinations of two sowing methods 1-in ridges 2-rows and response of wheat cultivar Sakha-93 to 3 weed control treatments 1-Unweeded (control) ; 2-Hand weeding twice at 30 and 60 DAS 3-Chemical weed control by Panther 55% Sc at post emergence. The treatments were arranged in split plot design in four replicates, sowing methods in main plots and weed control treatments in subplots. Combined analysis used for the two seasons. Data indicated that sowing wheat c.v Sakha-93 in ridges surpassed in rows for no. of tillers ; spikes/m 2 ; spike length ; spike weight ; grains weight/spike ; grain; straw; biological yields as kg/fed.; harvest index % ; protein ; phosphorus and K yields as kg/fed. On the other hand, sowing in rows produced taller plants, heavier 1000 grains weight. . Results showed that chemical weeded had superiority in total, broad leaved ,grassy weeds either fresh or dry/m 2 at both samples 75 and 105 DAS ,also, in no. of tillers/m 2 ; no. of spikes/m 2 ; spike length ; spike weight ; grains weight/spike ; 1000-grains weight ; grain yield/fed. ; harvest index% ; protein ,P,K yields (kg/fed.) whereas hand weeding produced tallest plants , highest protein ,P,K% in grains. Interaction of sowing method in ridges and chemical weeded significantly surpassed other treatments in no. of tillers/m 2 ; no. of spikes/m 2 ; spike weight ; straw and biological yield as kg/fed. Interaction of sowing method in ridges and hand weeding gave the highest content of protein ; phosphorus and potassium in wheat grains as kg/fed.

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This study was carried out in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Flowers, Ornamental Plants and Landscape Gardens, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Egypt during the period from 2012 to 2015 to establish an efficient and reliable protocol for in vitro propagation and improve of Jatropha curcas. Seeds of Jatropha were effectiveness of mutation induction by different ways. Planted on Murashige and Skoog media (MS), using different combinations Indol acetic acid (IAA) at 0, 1 and 2 mg/l and benzyl adenine (BA) at 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/l of kintin (Kin) at 2.0 mg/l and for shoot regeneration .While the media used for rooting was amendmented with different (IAA) at 0, 1 and 2 mg/l and indol butyric acid (IBA) at 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/l. Oil was extracted from seeds and callus formed on MS medium containing combinations of BA at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/l, (NAA) at 1, 2 and 3 mg/l and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acide (2,4-D) at 0.5 mg/l. Regenerated rooted plants were then treated by colchicines or glufosinate ammonium at 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l for each. The best medium for shoot regeneration was MS amended with BA at 2 and 3 mg / l and IAA at 1mg/l , while the best rooting medium was MS amended with IAA at 2mg/l and IBA at1 and 2mg/l. For obtaining the highest percentage of oil content from callus, medium at 0.5 mg/l BA combined with 2 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D gave the best results. For the induction of genetic variation glyphosinate ammonium to be added at 3 mg/l, while colchicines had at all concatenation no effect on cell division of Jatropha curcas plant.

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Medicinal herbs are the main source of bioactive compounds used in the medical industry. White squill (Urginea maritima) is an important medicinal and ornamental plant cultivated in the Mediterranean region. This study reports an efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of Urginea and investigates important bioactive compounds present in the bulbs and in vitro–produced callus. The least number of days for callus induction and shoot regeneration was achieved with Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media supplemented with 1.0 mg L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) plus 0.1 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1.0 mg L−1 NAA plus 0.4 mg L−1 BAP, respectively, while the highest number of shoots and fresh weight were obtained at medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L−1 NAA plus 0.5 mg L−1 BAP. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of Urginea bulb methanol extract showed the existence of important secondary metabolites, such as palmitic acid (C16H32O2), 9-hexadecenoic acid (C16H30O2), phthalic acid 2-ethylhexyl propyl ester (C19H28O4), tetradecanoic acid (C14H28O2), undecanoic acid (C11H22O2), and oleic acid (C18H34O2), in addition to other important compounds, such as 13-heptadecyn-1-ol, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 1-monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether, 2-methyl-1-hexadecanol, and octadecanoic acid. Callus methanol extracts showed a reduction in the percentages of most phyto-components compared to bulb extract except for oleic acid, 3-(octadecyloxy) propyl ester and 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid; on the other hand, some important compounds were detected only in callus extract possessing anti-cancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects, such as farnesol (C15H26O), 7-methyl-Z-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (C17H32O2), ethyl iso-allocholate (C26H44O5), 4-trifluoroacetoxypentadecane (C17H31F3O2), and 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (C16H32O3).