Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is defined as colon and rectum cancer and is among the major causes of mortality in developed Countries. Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) and Nerium oleander distillate (NOD) are reported to have anticancer and antioxidative activity. In this study, it was aimed to research the impact on cell proliferation markers of TCAE and NOD given simultaneously in experimental colon cancer. A total of 24 rats, 6 in each group, were used in the study. Cancer Control (CC): Azoxymethane was administered at the beginning of the experiment at a dose of 15 miligrams (mg)· kilograms-1 (kg), (Subcutaneous, SC) twice, with an interval of a week (wk), to induce cancer. CC+TCAE: the dosage of Azoxymethane administered was 15 mg·kg-1 (SC) twice a wk at the beginning of the experiment, while in the case of TCAE, it was 0.2 mL·kg-1 (SC) once a wk for 18 wk from the beginning of the experiment. Fifteen mg·kg-1 (SC) of Azoxymethane was administered twice at one-wk intervals at the beginning of the experiment to the CC+NOD group, and NO distillate (NOD) was given with water throughout the experiment. Afterwards, animals were euthanized under appropriate conditions, paraffin blocks formed from colon tissues, histochemical AgNOR (Silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions), and immunohistochemical PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) stainings were performed. In the study, immunohistochemically, PCNA scores and AgNOR count per nucleus (AgNCI) were significantly decreased in C-TCAE and C-NOD groups (P<0.001). AgNOR Area index (AgNAI) (P<0.01), Core Area Index (CAI) (P<0.05), and AgNOR Area index/Core Area Index (AgNAI/CAI) (P<0.01) scores were significantly decreased in the C-TCAE group. As a result, it was concluded that both TCAE and NOD are effective as chemopreventive drugs and that TCAE presents a more pronounced antiproliferative effect than NOD.

This study aimed to diagnose Sarcina ventriculi in lambs with haemorrhagic abomasitis using histopathological and real-time PCR methods. The material used in this study consisted of 43 abomasum tissues recovered from lambs presenting bleeding, ulcer, gas or a combination of these in the abomasum, that were brought for necropsy to the Department of Pathology of the Veterinary Faculty, Selcuk University. The recovered samples were stored in a 10% formaldehyde solution for histopathological examinations and in Eppendorf tubes at −20 °C for PCR examinations. All the samples were analyzed by histopathological and PCR methods. While S. ventriculi pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) amplicon was determined by real-time PCR in 17 cases, the packaged form of Sarcina-like bacteria was found microscopically in 3 cases only. In this study, the diagnosis of S. ventriculi in cases of lambs presenting bleeding, ulcers and gas in the abomasum or haemorrhagic abomasitis simultaneously at the necropsy was performed using histopathological and real-time PCR methods; in parallel, the real-time PCR method for the diagnosis of S. ventriculi-derived haemorrhagic abomasitis in lambs was also optimized.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) on tumour development pathways in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colorectal cancer in rats by molecular methods. Eighteen paraffin-embedded intestinal tissues, six from each group, were studied in the healthy control (C), cancer control (CC), cancer + TCAE (C-TCAE) groups. Sections of 5 µm thickness were taken from the paraffin blocks and submitted to staining with haematoxylin-eosin. In the histopathological examination, the number of crypts forming aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and the degree of dysplasia in the crypts were scored. Real-time PCR analysis was completed to determine β-catenin, KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus), APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) and P53 expressions on samples from each paraffin block. The grading scores of the number of crypts forming ACF and dysplasia in the crypts showed an evident decrease in the C-TCAE group in comparison to the CC group (P < 0.05). In real-time PCR analysis, mRNA expression levels of P53 (P > 0.05) and APC (P < 0.001) genes were found to be increased in the C-TCAE group according to the CC group. The expression levels of KRAS (P < 0.01) and β-catenin (P < 0.005) mRNA were found significantly decreased in the C-TCAE group. In conclusion, the effects of TCAE on AOM-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) in rats were evaluated molecularly; TCAE was found to modulate some changes in CRC developmental pathways, inhibiting tumour development and proliferation, and stimulating non-mutagenic tumour suppressor genes. Thus, it can be stated that TCAE is an effective chemopreventive agent.

No abstract

Histomonas meleagridis and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum are two protozoans responsible for mortality associated with typhlohepatitis in poultry. In this study, the etiology of high mortality in Chukar partridges suspected of infection with these agents was investigated pathologically and molecularly. Twelve healthy partridges during the laying period and 30 partridges that died due to disease and were included in the study. In blood analysis, increased levels of WBC, NEU, LYM, MONO, EO and BASO suggesting bacterial and/or parasitic infection; decreased levels of HGB, MCH and MCHC, which are markers of anemia; and increased AST and LDH levels, which are important for liver degenerations. In the liver, which is one of the most pathologically affected organs, multifocal necrosis foci that sometimes merge with each other and spread to large areas, and severe fibrino-necrotic typhlitis were detected. There was amyloid deposition in the space of Disse and vascular sinuses in the liver. PAS positive protozoal agents were observed in and around the lesioned areas. By PCR analyzes using specific primers, 11 of the samples were positive for H. meleagridis only, whereas 5 were positive for T. gallinarum only; 14 samples tested positive for both agents. Sequence analysis showed 100% identity between all samples resulting in positive PCR. In addition, Escherichia coli was produced in microbiological culture (27 of 30). When all the results were evaluated together, it was concluded that H. meleagridis and T. gallinarum and secondary E. coli may cause high mortality in partridges under lay stress.

No abstract

Bakır zehirlenmesi, bakırın vücuda alınımı ve atılımı arasındaki dengesizlikten kaynaklanan patolojik bir durumdur. Akut zehirlenme genellikle antihelmintik ilaçlar, mineral karışımları veya aşırı miktarda çözünür bakır tuzlarının uygulanmasından sonra görülür. Sunulan bu çalışmanın materyalini 900 toklu oluşturmaktadır. Hasta hayvanlarda abdominal sancı, ishal, hemoglobinüri, ikterus ve ölüm bulunmaktaydı. Yapılan nekropsiler sonucu deri altı yağ dokusu, serozalar ve organların etrafındaki yağ dokuda şiddetli sarılık belirlendi. Karaciğerin koyu kahve ya da sarımtırak renkte ve kolay parçalandığı görüldü. Safra keseleri dolgun, safra koyu renkte ve granüler yapıdaydı. Böbreklerin oldukça şişkin ve koyu siyah renkte olduğu görüldü. İdrar keseleri hemoglobinüriye bağlı olarak koyu kırmızı renkte idrar içermekteydi. Histopatolojik muayenede hepatositlerde hidropik dejenerasyon, vakuoler dejenerasyon, yağlanma, multifokal nekrozlar ve dissosiasyon, hepatositlerin sitoplazmasında sarı kahve renkte granüllerin yanı sıra hepatosit sitoplazmaları ve safra kanalcıklarında sarımsı-yeşil renkte safra pigmentlerine rastlandı. Portal alanlarda mononükleer hücre infiltrasyonları ile safra kanalı artışı belirlendi. Karaciğer kesitlerine Rodaninle yapılan boyamalarda hepatositlerin sitoplazmalarında kırmızımsı renkte pozitif boyanmalar tespit edildi, Böbreklerde tubul epitellerinde şişkinlik ve vakuoler dejenerasyon, bilurubin pigmenti dikkati çekti. Sunulan bu çalışmada koyunlarda görülen ve yem katkısından kaynaklandığı belirlenen akut bakır zehirlenmesinin klinik, toksikolojik ve patolojik bulgularının ortaya konulması ve son yıllarda oldukça sık karşılaşılan yem katkısı kaynaklı zehirlenme olaylarına dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Helicobacter species such as H. heilmannii, H. pylori, H. felis, H. bizzozeronii and H. salomonis have been identified in cats and dogs, and research suggesting that these species may be zoonotic agents and has been studied intensified in recent years. The aim of this study was to reveal the presence, comparing the histopathological findings and Real-time PCR results of H. felis, H. heilmannii, and H. pylori in the stomach and liver tissues taken during the necropsies of owned, stray or shelter dogs. The material of the study consisted of stomach and liver tissues taken from 35 dogs that died for different reasons and were brought for necropsy. DNA copies of H. heilmannii were detected by Real-time PCR in the liver samples of 30 dogs using H. heilmannii-specific primers. In the case of gastric samples, Real-time PCR detected H. heilmannii in 13 cases, H. pylori in 3 cases, both H. heilmannii and H. pylori in 13 cases, and H. felis, H. heilmannii and H. pylori in 3 cases. Microscopically, neutrophil leukocyte infiltration, epithelial degeneration, fibrosis and oedema in the lamina propia, and lymphoplasmacytic cell infiltration were determined in the stomachs. In the Hemotoxylin Eosin staining of the sections, 5 cases and 14 cases in the Warthin–Starry staining were found positive for Helicobacter-like microorganisms. Microscopically, dissociation of the remark cords and hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes, and focal mononuclear cell infiltrations in some sections were determined in the livers. In conclusion, with this study, it was understood that Real-time PCR analyzes are very useful in the diagnosis of H. felis, H. heilmannii, and H. pylori. However, histopathological examinations are necessary to associate the presence of bacteria with the development of the disease.