Effect of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract and Nerium oleander distillate on cell proliferation markers in colon carcinogenesis

Abstract

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is defined as colon and rectum cancer and is among the major causes of mortality in developed Countries. Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) and Nerium oleander distillate (NOD) are reported to have anticancer and antioxidative activity. In this study, it was aimed to research the impact on cell proliferation markers of TCAE and NOD given simultaneously in experimental colon cancer. A total of 24 rats, 6 in each group, were used in the study. Cancer Control (CC): Azoxymethane was administered at the beginning of the experiment at a dose of 15 miligrams (mg)· kilograms-1 (kg), (Subcutaneous, SC) twice, with an interval of a week (wk), to induce cancer. CC+TCAE: the dosage of Azoxymethane administered was 15 mg·kg-1 (SC) twice a wk at the beginning of the experiment, while in the case of TCAE, it was 0.2 mL·kg-1 (SC) once a wk for 18 wk from the beginning of the experiment. Fifteen mg·kg-1 (SC) of Azoxymethane was administered twice at one-wk intervals at the beginning of the experiment to the CC+NOD group, and NO distillate (NOD) was given with water throughout the experiment. Afterwards, animals were euthanized under appropriate conditions, paraffin blocks formed from colon tissues, histochemical AgNOR (Silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions), and immunohistochemical PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) stainings were performed. In the study, immunohistochemically, PCNA scores and AgNOR count per nucleus (AgNCI) were significantly decreased in C-TCAE and C-NOD groups (P<0.001). AgNOR Area index (AgNAI) (P<0.01), Core Area Index (CAI) (P<0.05), and AgNOR Area index/Core Area Index (AgNAI/CAI) (P<0.01) scores were significantly decreased in the C-TCAE group. As a result, it was concluded that both TCAE and NOD are effective as chemopreventive drugs and that TCAE presents a more pronounced antiproliferative effect than NOD.

Mangiferin (mango) attenuates AOM-induced colorectal cancer in rat’s colon by augmentation of apoptotic proteins and antioxidant mechanisms

“…The Bax protein as a well-known pro-apoptotic factor increases membrane permeability of the mitochondria and release of cytochrome c, while the β-catenin (an anti-apoptotic factor that preserves outer membrane integrity of the mitochondria) expression in their colon tissues 52 . The β-catenin staining technique is used to assess the level of β-catenin protein expression, which is considered an important regulatory factor to cellular proliferation and aids in T-suppressor cells (aiding in cellular proliferations).The present study showed reduced Bax protein expression and increased β-catenin protein expression in cancer control rats, indicating a significant imbalance between these two proteins could lead to cellular dysfunctionality and changes in the mitochondrial route of apoptosis 53 , 54 . The present MF (30 and 60 mg/kg) supplementation caused significant positive modulation of Bax protein and noticeably reduction of the β-catenin protein appearance in rat’s colon, which could be a molecular mechanism behind lower ACF incidence and the chemoprotective action of MF in AOM-pre-treated rats.…”

Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Effects of Tarantula cubensis Extract on Mucosal Healing in Rats

“…18 It has also been reported in experimental studies to be effective in tumor treatment. 19 In addition, a study found no side effects in horses. 20 In the current study, findings confirmed no toxic effects in rats, and no deaths of any test subjects.…”

Pinostrobin attenuates azoxymethane-induced colorectal cytotoxicity in rats through augmentation of apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 proteins and antioxidants

“…AOM was found very effective in the induction of ACF in rats’ colons in different chemoprotective trials for potential active ingredients and plant extracts. 47 , 48 The current investigation utilized 15 mg/kg of AOM injection as an inducer of colonic ACF along with PN supplementation for 2 months. Rats ingested only AOM had notable organ metastasis revealed as ileocecal lymph nodes and cecum.…”