The aim of this research was to determine the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects and lethal dose (LD50) of maropitant in ovo, using fertile chicken eggs. The study was designed in two stages, CHEST-I and CHEST-II. For CHEST-I, 210 fertile eggs were divided into seven equal groups; control, saline solution and 5 different doses of maropitant (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 mg/kg) injected groups. For CHEST-II, 150 fertile eggs were divided into five equal groups; control, saline solution and 3 different doses of maropitant (8, 6, 4 mg/kg)-injected groups. Eggs were opened on day 21 of incubation. Maropitant did not cause teratogenicity at any dose, while higher embryonic death rates were observed at doses above 4 mg/kg. The LD 50 dose of maropitant was determined as 7.24 mg/kg. In conclusion, maropitant should only be used after full consideration of risks and benefits in pregnancy.
Colon cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the world. In this study, the effects of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) and the Capecitabine in CRC were investigated. Wistar albino rats were divided into eight groups with 12 animals in each group: untreated healthy and CRC groups, healthy and CRC groups treated with TCAE or Capecitabine, and healthy and CRC groups treated with both TCAE and Capecitabine. Azoxymethane was used in all CRC groups. TCAE and Capecitabine were administered to the relevant groups starting in the 15th week. All rats were euthanized after 18 weeks, and tissue samples were collected. The mRNA levels of Bcl–2, Bax, and Cas–3 in the harvested tissues were determined using real–time PCR and histopathologically abnormal crypt foci (ACF) scores were determined. It was found that TCAE modulated the decreased Bax/Bcl–2 expression rate in the CC group, but had the opposite effect in healthy animals, which was significantly reduced compared to the healthy groups (P<0.05). In addition, this rate was significantly lower in Capecitabine administered groups compared to other groups, and a paradoxical effect was observed (P<0.05). No significant change was observed in Cas–3 expression levels in all groups (P>0.05). Importantly, single and combined use of TCAE and Capecitabine in rats with CRC significantly reduced ACF scores (P<0.05). It can be stated that TCAE can specifically modulate the decreased Bax/Bcl–2 ratio in animals with cancer, and the therapeutic efficacy of Capecitabine is achieved at a dose of 40 mg·kg-1.
Atipamezole is a specific α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and there exists insufficient information on its use during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the embryotoxic activity of Atipamezole through an in ovo method. During the first stage of the study, 210 fertile eggs were divided into seven groups of 30 fertile eggs and placed in an incubator. On the seventh day of the first stage, no application was made to the control group. The second group was administered 50 microliters (µL) of saline solution, while the other groups were given Atipamezole at doses of 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25 and 15.62 micrograms·egg-1 (µg·egg-1) in 50 µL saline solution. In the second stage, according to the embryotoxic dose range determined from the first stage, 150 fertile eggs were divided into five groups of 30 fertile eggs and placed in an incubator. On the seventh day of the second stage, no application was made to the control group. Fifty µL of saline solution was administered to the second group. The other groups were given Atipamezole at doses of 220, 190 and 160 µg·egg-1 in 50 µL saline solution. After the incubation period, the eggs hatched, and the embryonic mortality rates were calculated. The mortality rate was determined to be 39.3% at the highest dose (250 µg·egg-1 = 5 miligrams·kilograms-1 –mg·kg-1–) (P<0.05), while the mortality rate at other doses was determined to be the same as the control group (P>0.05). In conclusion, it can be stated that the dose determined for Atipamezole in this study was very high compared to the recommended doses and it can be used in pregnancy as a benefit-loss calculation when necessary. However molecular or histopathological studies regarding the development of organ drafts are necessary to determine the safety of its use during pregnancy.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlıklı koyunlara oral yolla ivermektin + prazikuantel kombinasyonu uygulamasının oksidatif durum, karaciğer ve böbrek fonksiyon parametrelerine etkisini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmada 18 adet Anadolu Merinosu ırkı koyuna önerilen dozda ivermektin + prazikuantel tablet (1 tablet/koyun) oral yolla uygulandı. Uygulamadan önce (0. gün) ve sonrasında 24 saat aralıklarla dört gün kan örnekleri alındı. Plazma 8-hidroksi-2-deoksiguanozin, malondialdehid, süperoksit dismutaz, glutasyon peroksidaz ve katalaz düzeyleri ticari kitler ile ELISA okuyucusunda belirlendi. Serum aspartat aminotransferaz, alanin aminotransferaz, alkalen fosfataz, kreatinin ve kan üre nitrojen düzeyleri otoanalizör ile ölçüldü. Bulgular: Araştırmanın ilk 2 gün plazma 8-hidroksi-2-deoksiguanozin düzeyleri, 3. ve 4. gün değerlerinden yüksek olduğu belirlenirken (P<0.05), plazma glutasyon peroksidaz düzeylerinde ise istatistiki dalgalanmalar gözlendi (P<0.05). Araştırmanın 3. gün kan üre nitrojen değerinin 0. günden yüksek olduğu belirlendi (P<0.05). Öneri: Sonuç olarak sağlıklı koyunlara önerilen dozda ivermektin + prazikuantel uygulamasının oksidatif strese neden olmadığı, karaciğer ve böbrek fonksiyon parametrelerine belirgin etkisinin olmadığı ifade edilebilir.
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