A virus isolated from a flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) has a morphology similar to that of reoviruses. However, unlike the reoviruses, this virus has a rapid cytopathic effect, causing cell fusion, vacuolization of the cytoplasm, and an unusual nuclear degeneration. Immunofluorescence indicates that viral antigen is distributed through both nucleus and cytoplasm. Viral maturation appears to take
An outbreak of Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) occurred in New South Wales during the first five months of 1974. Specimens from 52 horses with nervous disease collected January to May 1974 were examined histopathological or virologically. Although MVE virus was not isolated, 13 horses had serological evidence of recent infection with MVE virus. Another 4 horses had evidence of recent infection with Ross River virus. Two animals had histological evidence of viral infection of the central nervous system. Attempts to experimentally infect 2 horses with a low dose of MVE virus were not successful by intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes.
Ouk 0 serogroup unknown with antibiotics. All isolated strains ofvibrios were serotyped at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Tokyo, Japan-(Table 1). The importance of V cholerae non-O1 as a disease causing organism in farm animals needs further research. However, the specific pathological findings in the goat, and the lambs with the increased watery fluid in the intestines followed by the sudden death of these animals closely resembles the pathophysiological effects seen in a positive ligated gut test. Vibrios, therefore, might be considered to be the causative agents in producing pathogenic toxins in the cases described above. Because the vibrios were isolated not only from the intestines, but also from the livers and lungs, the strains are likely to have invasive potential as well. Veterinary practitioners and microbiologists in animal diagnostic laboratories should be aware of the possibility of V cholerae as a participant in enteric infections of farm animals (Rhodes and others 1985). References
Biological and serological procedures have established that Nelson Bay virus (NB847), which was recovered from the blood of a fruit bat or "flying fox" (Pteropus poliocephalus), is a member of the reovirus group and that it differs from previously described reoviruses.
Summary
During investigations of epidemic polyarthritis at Nelson Bay, New South Wales, 12 strains of Ross River virus, the causative agent, were recovered from pools of mosquitoes. In addition, the mosquito pools yielded 9 strains of the flavivirus Edge Hill, 4 strains of a bunyavirus, Gan Gan, 1 strain of an orbivirus Tilligerry, and 1 strain of an ungrouped probable arbovirus, Yacaaba. The latter 3 viruses were found to be antigenically distinct from previously recorded arboviruses.
A case of epidemic polyarthritis probably contracted at Bawley Point, approximately 400 kilometres south of Nelson Bay on the south coast of New South Wales, is recorded. Mosquitoes collected in the nearby Termeil State Forest one year later yielded a strain of Ross River virus and 5 strains of a previously undescribed ungrouped togavirus, Termeil.
The extent of arboviral activity in temperate coastal areas of south‐eastern Australia was unexpected.
Edge Hill virus (EHV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus isolated throughout Australia during mosquito surveillance programs. While not posing an immediate threat to the human population, EHV is a taxonomically interesting flavivirus since it remains the only member of the yellow fever virus (YFV) sub-group to be detected within Australia. Here we present both an antigenic and genetic investigation of collected isolates, and confirm taxonomic classification of the virus within the YFV-group. Isolates were not clustered based on geographical origin or time of isolation, suggesting that minimal genetic evolution of EHV has occurred over geographic distance or time within the EHV cluster. However, two isolates showed significant differences in antigenic reactivity patterns, and had a much larger divergence from the EHV prototype (19% nucleotide and 6% amino acid divergence), indicating a distinct subtype or variant within the EHV subgroup.
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