Investigations of bluetongue and other arboviruses in the blood and semen of naturally infected bulls

Gard, G. P.; Melville, Lorna; Shorthose, J.E.

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(89)90056-4

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…All pregnant cows at term delivered healthy calves [8]. Gard et al [10] used semen from bulls naturally infected with Simbu serogroup viruses to inoculate sheep. Although four animals seroconverted, the possibility that these animals were infected naturally by vectors could not be excluded.…”

Section: Introduction Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of excretion of Schmallenberg virus in bull semen

Ponsart

Pozzi

Bréard

et al. 2014

Vet Res

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Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a novel orthobunyavirus, discovered in Germany in late 2011. It mainly infects cattle, sheep and goats and could lead to congenital infection, causing abortion and fetal abnormalities. SBV is transmitted by biting midges from the Culicoides genus and there is no evidence that natural infection occurs directly between ruminants. Here, we could detect SBV RNA in infected bull semen using qRT-PCR (three bulls out of seven tested positive; 29 positive semen batches out of 136). We also found that highly positive semen batches from SBV infected bulls can provoke an acute infection in IFNAR-/- mice, suggesting the potential presence of infectious virus in the semen of SBV infected bulls.

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Section: Introduction Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of excretion of Schmallenberg virus in bull semen

Ponsart

Pozzi

Bréard

et al. 2014

Vet Res

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“…Sheep inoculated with semen of EHDV-2, 5 and 7 viraemic bulls did not become infected (Gard et al 1989) however it should be noted that sheep are not the most susceptible species for EHDV. Sheep inoculated with semen of EHDV-2, 5 and 7 viraemic bulls did not become infected (Gard et al 1989) however it should be noted that sheep are not the most susceptible species for EHDV.…”

Section: Via Germplasmmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Transplacental transmission has been demonstrated by isolation of EHDV-2 (Ibaraki) from internal organs of aborted foetuses (Ohashi 1999). The experimental infection of sheep by inoculation with semen from bulls infected with EHDV-2, 5 and 7 did not lead to infection, however in the trial virus was only isolated from blood and not from semen (Gard et al, 1989). No reports of EHDV isolation in semen have been found.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Ehdv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Scientific Opinion on Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease

2009

EFSA Journal

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“…Akabane virus could not be detected in semen collected from viraemic bulls experimentally infected (Parsonson et al 1981a). Gard et al (1989) used semen from bulls naturally infected with simbu serogroup viruses to inoculate sheep, although some animals seroconverted, the possibility that these animals were infected naturally by vectors could not be excluded. Intra-uterine inoculation of Akabane virus in cattle at the time of artificial insemination did not result in clinical disease but most animals developed viraemia.…”

Section: Transmission Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Schmallenberg” virus: Analysis of the Epidemiological Data and Assessment of Impact

Balenghien

Bødker²,

Bøtner³

et al. 2012

EFS2

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This scientific report provides an overall assessment of the impact of the infection on animal health, animal production and animal welfare of the provisionally named “Schmallenberg” virus (SBV) first detected in Germany. In Europe, 3745 holdings have been reported with SBV cases confirmed by laboratory testing across several Member States, mid May 2012. EFSA reviewed the epidemiological reports noting that SBV has been detected in cattle, sheep, goats and a bison. SBV antibodies have been detected in deer and no other species are known to be affected. EFSA also confirms that new studies support the initial assessment undertaken by the European Center for Disease Control and Prevention, that it is very unlikely that SBV poses a risk to humans. In terms of transmission routes, recent entomological investigations have identified SBV in field samples of biting midges of the Culicoides obsoletus group. Currently there is no evidence of any other route of transmission other than transplacental or vector borne routes. EFSA coordinated the collation of SBV epidemiological data during 2011–2012 in order to obtain comparable data for Europe. The maximum proportion of reported sheep holdings with SBV confirmed was 4% per country and 7.6% per region while for cattle less than 1.3 % of holdings were reported as SBV confirmed at both country and regional level. In order to assess the impact of SBV(spatial and temporal spread, proportion of affected holding and potential projection of arthrogryposis hydranencephaly syndrome cases) three models were used. In regions with SBV confirmed holdings, assuming a high prevalence of infection and post infection immunity, impact in the 2012–2013 calving and lambing season should be low. However, assuming SBV survived the winter of 2011, the models suggest that in unaffected regions with suitable temperatures for within herd transmission by vectors and high density of susceptible species (cattle and sheep) SBV infection is likely to spread. EFSA puts forward a number of recommendations to fill the knowledge gaps, these include but are not limited to: continuing serological investigations in affected regions and regions neighbouring affected areas, within herd and animal level impact investigation, monitoring putative vector population, setting SBV host vector transmission parameters, investigating other routes of transmission, host susceptibility, virulence and vulnerable period during gestation. Furthermore, the possible origins of the virus should be investigated as more information becomes available on the virus characteristics and infection epidemiology.

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Investigations of bluetongue and other arboviruses in the blood and semen of naturally infected bulls

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Evidence of excretion of Schmallenberg virus in bull semen

Evidence of excretion of Schmallenberg virus in bull semen

Scientific Opinion on Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease

“Schmallenberg” virus: Analysis of the Epidemiological Data and Assessment of Impact

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