Isolation of bluetongue virus serotype 2 from native sheep in India

Sreenivasulu, D.; Rao, M. Nageswara; Gard, G. P.

doi:10.1136/vr.144.16.452

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Three of the isolates were typed as btv-15 , two as btv-9 and two as btv-2 . These results suggest that btv-2 and btv-9 are continuously circulating in India, as they have been previously reported in India (Kulkarni and Kulkarni 1984, Sreenivasulu and others 1999). Although there has been previous serological evidence of btv-15 in India (Sreenivasulu and others 2003), this is the first report of the isolation of btv-15 in India.…”

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Isolation of bluetongue virus serotypes 2, 9 and 15 from sheep in India

et al. 2008

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confidence: 88%

Isolation of bluetongue virus serotypes 2, 9 and 15 from sheep in India

et al. 2008

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“…BT is endemic in India. The first outbreak of BT in India was reported in the early 1960s and thereafter regular outbreaks have been recorded in different parts of the country (Jain et al 1986;Mehrotra et al 1996;Sreenivasulu et al 1999;Aruni et al 2006;Ilango 2006). The virus can infect most species of domestic and wild ruminants such as goat, cattle, buffalo, camel, deer and other artiodactyls (McLachalan 1994).…”

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Evidence of mixed infection of peste des petits ruminants virus and bluetongue virus in a flock of goats as confirmed by detection of antigen, antibody and nucleic acid of both the viruses

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et al. 2009

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A mixed infection with peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) occurred in goats which exhibited symptoms characteristic of PPR. A number of samples were collected from ailing or dead goats for labrotory diagnosis. Antibody to BTV and PPRV was detected in sera samples by competitive ELISA. No PPRV antigen was detected in tissue samples like lung and spleen, however, presence of PPRV antigen in some sera samples was confirmed by sandwich ELISA. All the blood samples collected from the ailing animals were found positive for BTV antigen by a sandwich ELISA. BTV- and PPRV nucleic acids were amplified from the pooled blood and tissue samples respectively by RT-PCR assays. The identity of the amplicons was confirmed by cloning and sequencing. All these tests confirm that the goats were infected with PPRV and BTV simultaneously. Isolation of viruses from the clinical samples is underway.

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“…BTV-1 and -23 [16], BTV-2 [35], BTV-9 [31], BTV-10 [12], and BTV-21 [37] were used. The TCID 50 of the viruses was determined in Vero cells.…”

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Type-specific seroprevalence of bluetongue in Andhra Pradesh, India, during 2005–2009

et al. 2013

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Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, arthropodborne viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), which is a double-stranded segmented RNA virus. Of the 26 confirmed BTV serotypes, 23 were reported in India based on the detection of antibodies or virus. In order to assess the prevalence of different serotypes in Andhra Pradesh, serum samples which were positive for BTV by group-specific antibody ELISA were subjected to type-specific neutralization of BTV serotypes 1, 2, 9, 10, 21 and 23. Of the 52 samples tested, 50.0, 44.23, 21.15, 26.92, 0, and 15.38 % neutralized BTV serotypes 1, 2, 9, 10, 21 and 23, respectively. However, 32.69 % of the ELISA positive sera could not neutralize any of these serotypes, indicating that there could be other serotype viruses (e.g., BTV-3 and -16) circulating in the State. This method can be used for surveillance of the circulating serotypes as well as for assessing the level of herd immunity, and assist in determining the vaccine strains to be used in multivalent vaccines.Keywords Bluetongue virus Á Serotype Á Surveillance Á Virus neutralization assay Á Epidemiology Bleuetongue (BT) is one of the major economically important livestock diseases in India. The disease is caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), a double-stranded segmented RNA virus belonging to genus Orbivirus of family Reoviridae. Clinical BT is observed only in sheep, and not in other domestic or wild animals. However, antibodies against BTV are frequently observed in cattle, buffaloes, goats and some wild ruminants, indicating asymptomatic infection in these species [21,23,25,27,36]. Twenty-six different serotypes of BTV are recognized worldwide and distinct topotypes defined by closely related sequences of each genome segment have been proposed [19]. In India, 23 serotypes of BTV have been reported, identified either by serology or virus isolation, and eight serotypes (BTV-1, -2, -3, -9, -10, -16, -21, and -23) have been isolated from different regions during the last decade [4,5,8,12,17,22,26,28,30,33,36,37].BT is endemic in India. Multiple serotypes of BTV commonly circulate in the same geographical area, and can be isolated from the same flock or even from the same animals. Further, recent reports indicate the incursion of Western topotypes of BTV into India [12,17,18,20,29,31]. Therefore, the identification of circulating serotypes of BTV is important. However, virus isolation followed by serotyping is time consuming. In addition, by the time the viruses are isolated and the serotype is determined, new serotypes may appear, resurface or dominate, making it difficult to select the serotypes for incorporation in vaccines. An inactivated polyvalant vaccine has been developed in India using five serotypes of BTV (BTV-1, -2, -10,

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Isolation of bluetongue virus serotype 2 from native sheep in India

Cited by 23 publications

References 2 publications

Isolation of bluetongue virus serotypes 2, 9 and 15 from sheep in India

Isolation of bluetongue virus serotypes 2, 9 and 15 from sheep in India

Evidence of mixed infection of peste des petits ruminants virus and bluetongue virus in a flock of goats as confirmed by detection of antigen, antibody and nucleic acid of both the viruses

Type-specific seroprevalence of bluetongue in Andhra Pradesh, India, during 2005–2009

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