Wound healing is a biological complex process that involves several cell types under the control and regulation of several growth factors and cytokines. There have been efforts to study the therapeutic effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor on chronic wounds. In addition, the effects of biomaterials such as nano-fibrous chitin and chitosan have been proven to be effective on wound healing. Furthermore, stem cell therapy using adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) has been developed as a new therapeutic method for wound repair and healing. In this review, we will summarize the role of stem cells; growth factors and biomaterials in wound healing and repair.

Stem cell-based therapies have been widely used for their abilities to repair and regenerate different types of tissues and organs in cosmetic and plastic surgeries. It involves the clinical application of different types of stem cells. Different stem cells have been reported to be applicable in different areas of cosmetic surgeries like face lipoatrophy, skin rejuvenation, breast enhancement, and body contouring. However, adipose-derived stem cells remain the most widely used by cosmetic surgeons as they have the potential and capability to differentiate into mesenchymal, ectodermal, and endodermal lineages and are easily accessible to harvest. The purpose of this review is to summarize available applications of stem in cosmetic and plastic surgeries.

The impairment of ulcer wound healing in diabetic patients is a vital clinical problem affecting millions of patients. Several clinical and basic science studies have demonstrated that stem cell therapy, to be effective in healing diabetic ulcer. Furthermore, these ulcer wounds may be healed from molecular maneuvering of growth factors to improve microcirculation within the ulcer wound. In addition, ulcer wound dressings may be employed as medicated systems, through the delivery of drugs, growth factors, peptides and stem cells. These dressing materials can include natural, modified and synthetic polymers, as well as their mixtures or combinations. This review paper will give a summary of some of the recent advances on the application of stem cells, biomaterials and growth factors in the treatment of diabetic ulcer wound.

The human skin undergoes the complex process of aging which is prompted by the interplay of intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic influences. Aging is unavoidable but can be somewhat delayed. Numerous approaches have been developed to slow down facial skin aging process as it is of interest to stake holders in the beauty and fashion world as well as to plastic surgeons. Adipose-derived stem cell [ADSC] and mesenchymal stem cell [MSC] as potential anti-aging agents to some extent have provided a promising and effective alternative in managing skin and facial skin aging. Furthermore, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells [BMMSC] have exhibited similar ability to rejuvenate aged skin. This review is aimed at giving a comprehensive account of the application of stem cells especially ADSCs and MSCs to reduce or slow down the rate of facial skin aging process.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery is a distinct specialty, which entails craniofacial and hand surgery; trauma, oncologic and congenital reconstruction; burn care, and aesthetic surgery. However, advances in nanotechnology have significantly affected wound management, skin care, implant and prosthetic design, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems. Presently, plastic surgeons are applying the efficacy of stem cells (ADSCs), biomaterials and growth factors in different facets of plastic surgery. In this review, we will elucidate the applications of stem cells, biomaterials and growth factors in plastic surgeries.

Background: Breast pain or mastodynia is moderate to severe pain, which affects around 22-41% of women. If no anomaly is found and other causes, like nutritional changes, are excluded, many drugs, including herbal supplements, are recommended for the treatment of mastodynia. Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of vitamin E and omega-3, 6 and 9 free fatty acids combinations versus Vitamin E in women with mastodynia. Patients and Methods: A double blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted in Shohada Ashayer Hospital in Khorramabad Lorestan province, in the vest of Iran. A total of 88 women with symptoms of mastodynia, aged between 20-55 years old, were divided to two groups. The patients were randomly assigned to receive vitamin E (400 U/day) and vitamin E (400 U/day) plus omega-3, 6 and 9 (1200 mg/day) orally, for 3 months. Results: Vitamin E plus omega free fatty acids are more effective than the use of vitamin E alone in decreasing mastodynia. Significant difference was seen between the Cardiff Breast Score (CBS) of the vitamin E group compared to vitamin E-omega group (P < 0.05) at the end of the first, second and third months after treatment. Conclusions: Our results showed that vitamin E plus omega free fatty acids decrease the severity of mastodynia better than vitamin E alone.

Breast cancer is one of the most deadly tumors in women, and new procedures for post- surgical breast reconstruction have been developed which includes autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF), platelet-derived growth factors, biomaterials and various stem cells. Adipose derived-stem cells (ASCs) has been reported to be one of the most widely used stem cell for breast reconstruction because of their ability to form new functional adipose tissue and vessels and in combination with stromal vascular fraction has been also reported efficient for breast reconstruction. Biomaterials include acellular dermal matrix, bone substitutes, and injectable have also been reported to be applicable for several clinical applications, including breast reconstruction surgery. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to explicitly define methodological procedures and to confirm the safety of all theses procedures during post-surgical breast reconstruction. The purpose of this mini-review is to summarize various recent and old applications of stem cells, biomaterials as well as growth factors in breast reconstruction.

Objectives: Appendicitis is one of the common abdominal injuries that requires surgical intervention, appendectomy. It is associated with a number of common and uncommon etiologies including gastrointestinal diseases and infection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the etiology of appendicitis among the patients who underwent appendectomy at our center. Method: In this retrospective descriptive study, patients who were referred to (XXX) for appendectomy were included. The patients’ data was accessed to extract demographic data and histopathological findings following appendectomy. The data was analyzed using SPSSv22. Result: Out of 733 people included in the study, 437 were male (59.6%) and 296 were female (40.4%) with the overall average age of 28.1 years. 10.64% of patients reported underwent negative appendectomy negative, which was reported in 35.89% women and 64.1% men. Acute inflammation was the most common findings, seen in 152 patients (20.74), followed by gangrenous appendix in 98 patients (13.37%). Conclusions: Unusual findings from appendectomy is uncommon for which all appendectomy should undergo histopathological analysis. Highlights