Current discoveries of different forms of carbon nanostructures have motivated research on their applications in various fields. They hold promise for applications in medicine, gene, and drug delivery areas. Many different production methods for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been introduced; functionalization, filling, doping, and chemical modification have been achieved, and characterization, separation, and manipulation of individual CNTs are now possible. Parameters such as structure, surface area, surface charge, size distribution, surface chemistry, and agglomeration state as well as purity of the samples have considerable impact on the reactivity of carbon nanotubes. Otherwise, the strength and flexibility of carbon nanotubes make them of potential use in controlling other nanoscale structures, which suggests they will have a significant role in nanotechnology engineering.

Nanoparticles are the simplest form of structures with sizes in the nanometer (nm) range. In principle any collection of atoms bonded together with a structural radius of < 100 nm can be considered nano particles. Nanotechnology offers unique approaches to probe and control a variety of biological and medical processes that occur at nanometer scales, and is expected to have a revolutionary impact on biology and medicine. Among the approaches for exploiting nanotechnology in medicine, nanoparticles offer some unique advantages as sensing, image enhancement, and delivery agents. Several varieties of nanoparticles with biomedical relevance are available including, polymeric nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, quantum dots, dendrimers, and nanoassemblies. To further the application of nanoparticles in disease diagnosis and therapy, it is important that the systems are biocompatible and capable of being functionalized for recognition of specific target sites in the body after systemic administration. In this review, we have explained some important applications of gold nanoparticles.

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Electrospinning uses an electrical charge to draw very fine (typically on the micro or nano scale) fibers from a liquid. Electrospinning or electrostatic spinning shares characteristics of both electrospraying and conventional solution dry spinning of fibers. The method does not need the use of coagulation chemistry or high temperatures to produce solid threads from solution. This makes the process particularly suited for the production of fibers using large and complex molecules. Because the full potential of biomaterials being used in various applications, field of nanofibers have involved considerable interest in biotechnology and medicine and there has been fast development in this area in recent years.

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The application of silicon nanowire (SiNW) biosensor as a subtle, label-free, and electrical tool has been extensively demonstrated by several researchers over the past few decades. Human ability to delicately fabricate and control its chemical configuration, morphology, and arrangement either separately or in combination with other materials as lead to the development of a nanomaterial with specific and efficient electronic and catalytic properties useful in the fields of biological sciences and renewable energy. This review illuminates on the various synthetic methods of SiNW, with its optical and electrical properties that make them one of the most applicable nanomaterials in the field of biomolecule sensing, photoelectrochemical conversion, and diseases diagnostics.

Curcumin, is a yellow substance extracted from Curcuma longa rhizomes, it is a crystalline compound that has been traditionally applied in culinary practices and medicines in India. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the efficacy of curcumin-loaded magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite in the treatment of heart hypertrophy. 10 rats weighing 150-200 g each were induced with heart failure using 2.5 mg/kg doxorubicin for 2 weeks. The test groups were treated with curcumin-loaded magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite while the control was treated with curcumin alone. malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes activities were monitored after two weeks of last the dose. In addition, the expression of three heart failure markers; atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and beta major histocompatibility complex (β-MHC) were observed, it was found that the expression of these markers decreases with an increase in the concentration of curcumin (P < 0.05). Curcumin elevated the decreased level of GPX and SOD, and reduced the elevated level of MDA in cardiac tissue. We suggest this combination to be a potent therapy for heart failure and hypertension in the nearest future.

The impairment of ulcer wound healing in diabetic patients is a vital clinical problem affecting millions of patients. Several clinical and basic science studies have demonstrated that stem cell therapy, to be effective in healing diabetic ulcer. Furthermore, these ulcer wounds may be healed from molecular maneuvering of growth factors to improve microcirculation within the ulcer wound. In addition, ulcer wound dressings may be employed as medicated systems, through the delivery of drugs, growth factors, peptides and stem cells. These dressing materials can include natural, modified and synthetic polymers, as well as their mixtures or combinations. This review paper will give a summary of some of the recent advances on the application of stem cells, biomaterials and growth factors in the treatment of diabetic ulcer wound.