Background: Red betel vine (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) is known empirically to have properties to cure various kinds of diseases. It contains flavonoids, alkaloids, polifenolat compounds, tannins and essential oil compounds. Standardization in the pharmacy is required to ensure the level of quality, fulfill the standard requirement of chemical, biological, and pharmaceutical, including the guarantee of stability as pharmaceutical products generally. Objective: To investigate the standard specific and non-specific parameters set by Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (FDSA) of ethanol leaf extract of red betel leaves.
Methods:The study began with sample preparation, then extracted by maceration method to get the active compounds in the lumpy extract. Extract was analyzed with standard specific and non-specific parameters set by FDSA. Results were analyzed with descriptive analysis method. Results: The features of leaf extract of red betel vine leaves using are organolepticly viscous, dark green,and has a distinctive odor with a bitter spicy taste. The yield, water content, ash content, and specific gravity of extract were 14.8%, 0.353%, 0.16%, 0.729 respectively. Total mold contamination of extract satisfied the standard criteria that was below the limit of a maximum of 10 colonies/gram. Metal contamination of lead (Pb) was 1. 404 mg/kg and Cadmium (Cd) was 0. 223 mg/kg. Chromatographic profile of the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) red betel vine leaves ethanol extract contains compounds caryophyllene, germacrene-D and some other compounds with low similiaritas index, and has a marker compound which is suspected possibly trimethoxyallyl benzen. Conclusion : The ethanol extract of red betel vine (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) leaves is an extract of the organolepticly viscous, dark green color, distinctive smell, bitter taste, and spicy. The ethanol extract of red betel vine leaves satisfies the standard level set by FDSA and has the marker compound which is expected likely Trimethoxyallyl benzen.
Ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum) telah diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Sesuai namanya, bagian bawah daun sirih merah (P. crocatum) berwarna merah sedangkan bagian atas berwarna hijau dengan corak keperakan, namun ternyata daun sirih merah dapat mengalami perubahan warna pada kondisi tertentu. Warna daun dapat berubah menjadi hijau semua (tidak ada warna merah dan corak keperakan). Di sisi lain aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak akan berfungsi efektif apabila pelarut yang digunakan tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ekstrak daun yang lebih efektif antara yang berwarna merah dan berwarna hijau. Tujuan berikutnya untuk mengetahui pelarut yang lebih efektif antara dimetil sulfoxid (DMSO) 10%, Tween 80 1% dan aquades. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode dilusi serial untuk mengetahui Kadar Hambat Minimal (KHM) dan Kadar Bunuh Minimal (KBM) ekstrak etanol daun P. crocatum terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada ekstrak daun berwarna berbeda dan pelarut yang berbeda. Konsentrasi yang digunakan yaitu 50%; 25%; 12,5%; 6,25%; 3,13%; 1,56% dan 0,78%. Hasil yang diperoleh KHM dan KBM daun warna merah 12,5% sedang untuk daun warna hijau 12,5% dan 50%. Sedangkan untuk pelarut ekstrak, DMSO dapat lebih banyak membunuh bakteri dibanding yang lain. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun P. crocatum warna merah lebih baik dibanding yang berwarna hijau. Untuk pengujian pelarut, ekstrak dengan pelarut DMSO 10%, lebih efektif dari pada Tween 80 1% dan aquades.
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