Many low-cost feedstock i.e. used-cooking oil (UCO) for the production of biodiesel fuel (BDF) has contained a large amount of water and high proportion of free fatty acids (FFAs). Therefore, a pre-treatment process to reduce the water content (<0.1 wt.%) and FFAs (<2.0 wt.%) were necessary in order to avoid an undesirable side reactions, such as saponification, which could lead to serious problem of product separation and low fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield. . In this study, a pre-treatment process of used cooking oil as a feedstock for the production of BDF by using various adsorbents such as Activated Carbon (AC) and various clay minerals, for example Smectite (S), Bentonite (B), Kaolinite (K), and Powdered Earthenware (PE) were evaluated. The oil obtained from pre-treatment was compared with oil without pre-treatment process. In this study, we reported a basic difference in material ability to the oil, depending on the adsorption condition with respect to the physico-chemical parameters, e.g. refractive index (R), density (ρ), FFAs, and water content (W). The results showed that the water content and FFAs in the oil has decreased when using AC as an adsorbent compared with clay minerals. However, the refractive index of oil has similar with the oil without pre-treatment process as well; meanwhile, the density of oil has increased after the pre-treatment process by using clay minerals.

No abstract

No abstract

Curcuma mangga Val. is one of Indonesian herbs from Zingiberaceae family that is under explored and could contain potentially active substances to serve as an antimalarial. This research intends not only to examine the antimalarial activity by means of heme polymerization inhibitor mechanism by using the ethanolic extract and fraction of Curcuma mangga Val. but also to identify its compound classification. The extract of temu manga was obtained by Soxhlet extraction method using ethanol solvent followed by fractionation using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography with solvent sequence n-hexane, n-hexane: ethyl acetate (2:1), ethyl acetate and ethanol. The extract and fraction were analyzed by using LC-MS and GC-MS. Activities of hem polymerization inhibition showed by IC50 values which were obtained from analysis of relationship between concentration sample and the percentage of inhibition using the PROBIT on statistical software. The result of HPIA assay shows that the IC50 value of ethanolic extract and ethanolic fraction of Curcuma mangga Val. rhizome are 2.273 and 1.479 mg/mL, respectively. It clearly shows that the heme polymerization inhibition activity of ethanolic fraction relatively better than that of ethanolic extract. Phytochemical screening determines the ethanolic extract contains saponin, terpenoid, and phenol while the ethanolic fraction contains terpenoid. Thus, terpenoid compound is presumed to be the inhibitor of heme polymerization. The results of analysis with LC-MS and GC-MS showed that the active compounds suspected to inhibit heme polymerization in ethanolic extract and fraction were (E) -labda-8 (17), 12-dien-15,16-dial and di-n-octyl phthalate, respectively. Keywords: antimalarial, Curcuma mangga Val., heme polymerization

This study was conducted to determine the harmful compounds in perfumes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Perfume samples (A, B, C) obtained from the supermarket and the refill perfume fragrance that is almost the same. Methodology is the determination of specific gravity and refractive index. Chemical analysis performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the results obtained three samples of data that have perfume composition profiles of the same constituent that is solvent, fixative agents, and perfuming agents. Compounds that are solvent are methanol, ethanol. Compounds that are fixative agent is 1,2-Butanediol, 3-ethoxy-1-propanol, limonene, dipropylene glycol, 2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)-1-propanol, 3,3'-oxybis-2-butanol. The compound is a substance which is dihydrojasmonat methyl fragrance, alpha-hexyl cinnamaldehyde. Dihydrojasmonat methyl is a compound that becomes the deciding factor perfume that smells like jasmine.

No abstract

No abstract

This study was conducted to determine the harmful compounds in perfumes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Perfume samples (A, B, C) obtained from the supermarket and the refill perfume fragrance that is almost the same. Methodology is the determination of specific gravity and refractive index. Chemical analysis performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the results obtained three samples of data that have perfume composition profiles of the same constituent that is solvent, fixative agents, and perfuming agents. Compounds that are solvent are methanol, ethanol. Compounds that are fixative agent is 1,2-Butanediol, 3-ethoxy-1-propanol, limonene, dipropylene glycol, 2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)-1-propanol, 3,3'-oxybis-2-butanol. The compound is a substance which is dihydrojasmonat methyl fragrance, alpha-hexyl cinnamaldehyde. Dihydrojasmonat methyl is a compound that becomes the deciding factor perfume that smells like jasmine.