The number of elderly in many countries is increasing, including in Indonesia. Along with the increasing number of elderly, many problems will be experienced by the elderly such as psychological disorders, pathological disorders on physical conditions, access to health services that is difficult to obtain and less social support from family or friends. Lack of social support will affect the social interaction of elderly. Social interaction can have a positive impact on the quality of life because the social interaction of the elderly do not feel lonely, therefore social interaction must be developed and maintained in the elderly group. The purpose of this study is to analyze the social interaction with the quality of life of the elderly in UPTD Griya werdha Surabaya. This study used cross sectional study design. The study population is all elderly in UPTD Griya Werdha Surabaya City. The sample size is as much as 52 elderly are taken using simple random sampling method. The dependent variable of the research is the quality of life of the elderly and the independent variable is social interaction. The research instrument used WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire. The result of the research shows taht there is relationship between social interaction with quality of life of elderly in UPTD Griya Werdha Surabaya ( p-value = 0.017). The conclusion of this study is social interaction related to the quality of life of the elderly, the worse the social interaction of the elderly, the lower the quality of life. The suggestion from this research is to increase social interaction of elderly by increasing daily activity of elderly in order to often gather and interact with each other.
Diarrhea is still a public health problem in the world and the mostly occur in children under five years. At the moment the number of diarrhea-caused mortality was 3.8 per 1000 per year by 3.2 episodes per year in children under five years. This research aims to analyze the association between hand-washing habits and toilet use with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years. This is an observational analytic with cross sectional study. Population of the research was a children's mother took her children to the public health center of Sekardangan Sidoarjo Subdistrict. The number of samples taken as many as 58 mother of children under five years. Data collection was done with interviews to parents of children and the observations of the toilets. Technique of data analysis using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. On the results of the research there is a significant association the habit of hand washing (p = 0.006) and toilet use(p = 0.014) with the incidenceof diarrhea in children under five years. Conclusions of the research is the habit of hand washing and toilet use had a significant association with the incidenceof diarrhea in children under five years. Advice that can be given to the mother of a children under five years is to wash the hands before and after defecating and before preparing food for children. Keywords: diarrhea, hand washing, toilet use, observational, children under five years
ABSTRAKJumlah kasus osteoporosis cenderung mengalami peningkatan di Indonesia. Jawa Timur merupakan satu dari lima propinsi dengan risiko osteoporosis tertinggi di Indonesia. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis perbandingan risiko osteoporosis menurut IMT, paritas, dan konsumsi kafein. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain kasus kontrol. Sampel kasus adalah wanita penderita osteoporosis berdomisili di Surabaya serta melakukan pemeriksaan osteoporosis di RSUD Dr. Soewandhie Surabaya tahun 2013-2014. Sampel kontrol adalah wanita bukan penderita osteoporosis berdomisili di Surabaya serta melakukan pemeriksaan osteoporosis di RSUD Dr. Soewandhie Surabaya tahun 2013-2014. Responden terdiri dari 45 kasus dan 45 kontrol diperoleh menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Data diperoleh melalui data primer dan sekunder. Variabel bebas adalah indeks massa tubuh, paritas, dan konsumsi kafein. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan perhitungan OR pada Epi info dengan tingkat kemaknaan 95% CI. Besar risiko tiap variabel adalah IMT (OR = 2,99; 95% CI = 1,16 < OR < 7,74), paritas (OR = 2,72; 95% CI = 1,07 < OR < 7,01), dan konsumsi kafein (OR = 2,41; 95% CI = 0,91 < OR < 6,42). Kesimpulan adalah wanita yang memiliki IMT < 18,5 berisiko terkena osteoporosis 2,99 kali lebih besar dibandingkan wanita yang memiliki IMT ≥ 18,5. Wanita yang memiliki paritas ≥ 3 kali berisiko terkena osteoporosis 2,72 kali lebih besar dibandingkan wanita memiliki paritas < 3 kali. Wanita yang mengonsumsi kafein ≥ 2 gelas/hari berisiko terkena osteoporosis 2,41 kali lebih besar dibandingkan wanita mengonsumsi kafein < 2 gelas/hari tetapi tidak signifi kan. Peneliti menyarankan agar wanita memiliki IMT normal dan membatasi jumlah kelahiran untuk mencegah terjadinya osteoporosis. (OR = 2,99; 95% CI = 1,16 < OR < 7,74), parity (OR = 2,72; 95% CI = 1,07 < OR < 7,01), and caffeine consumption (OR =2,41;95% CI = 0,91 < OR < 6,42 Kata kunci: risiko, osteoporosis, IMT, paritas, kafein ABSTRACT The number of osteoporosis tends to increase in Indonesia. East Java is one of fi ve provinces with the highest risk of osteoporosis in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze risk ratio of osteoporosis for women according to BMI
Foodborne diseases (FBDs) have a large disease burden among children. The major type of FBD in children is diarrhea, caused mainly by contaminated food. One of the diarrhea pathogens is Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). The aim of this study was to establish a model of microbial prediction (DEC) in stool, caused by the transmission of FBDs in elementary schoolchildren. An observational analytic study was conducted, with a nested case-control study design. In Stage I, the study population was children in a selected elementary school at Surabaya. The sample size for Stage I was 218 children. In Stage II, the case sample was all children with a positive test for DEC (15 children), and the control sample was all children who had tested negative for DEC (60 children). The result of the laboratory tests showed that the proportion of DEC in children was 6.88% (15 of 218 children) and the proportion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in children was only 0.46%. The most significant mode of transmission included in the model was the snacking frequency at school and the risk classification of food that was often purchased at school. The formulation of the predicting model of DEC in stool can be used as an early warning against the incidence of FBDs in elementary schoolchildren.
Typhoid fever is disease caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria transmission trought contaminated food and drink. Data from RSUD dr. Abdoer Rahem showing that from 2011–2013 typhoid fever case always increase and often happened to children age 5–14 years old. The objective research to analysis risk factor of typhoid fever according to snacking habit at school and at house of children age 7–12 years old. This research was observasional case control study. Data for case in this research are taken from medical record of ‘Unit Teratai’ for the past 1 year in RSUD dr. Abdoer Rahem Situbondo, whereas for control are case group. There are eighty person taken for this research as sample. This result was the risk of typhoid fever children which has habit of hand washing had after defecation at home OR 3.67 (1.29 < OR < 10.64), children which has habit of hand washing before eating had OR 4.33 (1.54 < OR < 12.44), children with short dirty fingernails had OR 7.79 (1.46 < OR < 46.18) frequent street food consumption OR 3.89 (1.39 < OR < 11.06), buy snack at food street OR 3.95 (1.40 < OR < 11.30), buy some snack with packing had OR 3.5 (1.26 < OR < 9.38). The conclusion is that habit hand washing after defecation, habit hand washing before eating, short dirty fingernail, frequent food street consumption, buy food street and buy some food with sealed packing can secrease the risk of typhoid fever for children age 7–12 yearsKeywords: typhoid fever, risk factor of typhoid fever, personal hygiene, street food consumption habit
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