Risk Analysis of Typhoid Fever Based on Personal Hygiene and Street Food Consumption Habit at Home

Nuruzzaman, Hilda; Syahrul, Fariani

doi:10.20473/jbe.v4i12016.74-86

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Mencuci tangan sesudah buang air besar, mencuci tangan sebelum makan akan melindungi seseorang dari infeksi penyakit kemudian kondisi kuku jari tangan seseorang juga mempengaruhi terjadinya demam tifoid. Mencuci tangan (hand hygiene) yang baik yaitu harus menggunakan sabun serta air yang mengalir karena menggosok sela-sela jari dan kuku dapat mencegah bakteri yang berada di kuku jari tangan (Rakhman, 2009;Nuruzzaman, & Syahrul, 2016).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Analisis risiko kejadian demam tifoid berdasarkan kebersihan diri dan kebiasaan jajan di rumah diperoleh bahwa terdapat hubungan demam tifoid dengan kebiasaan mencuci tangan sebelum makan yang kurang baik di rumah OR = 4,33; 95% CI (1,54 < OR < 12,44), serta terdapat hubungan demam tifoid dengan sering jajan saat di rumah OR = 3,89; 95% CI (1,39 < OR < 11,06) (Nuruzzaman, & Syahrul, 2016).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Sejalan dengan penelitian lainnya bahwa hasil analisis univariat diperoleh bahwa kebiasaan mencuci tangan sebelum makan yang tidak baik (tidak menggunakan air mengalir dan sabun) saat berada di rumah sebagian besar terdiagnosis demam tifoid yakni sebesar 65%. Selain itu, anak terdiagnosis menderita demam tifoid sebagian besar memiliki frekuensi sering jajan saat berada di rumah yaitu sebesar 55% (Nuruzzaman, & Syahrul, 2016).…”

Section: Kejadian Demam Tifoidunclassified

“…Hasil analisis bivariat penelitian terdahulu diperoleh ada hubungan kebiasaan makan dengan kejadian tifoid dengan p-value = 0,000 (Masnawati, 2014). Selain itu hasil penelitian lain diperoleh bahwa risiko demam tifoid dengan sering jajan saat di rumah OR = 3,89;95% CI (1,39 < OR < 11,06) (Nuruzzaman, & Syahrul, 2016).…”

Section: Hubungan Kebersihan Makanan Dengan Kejadian Demam Tifoidunclassified

“…Hasil penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan teori bahwa faktor yang dapat menjadi penyebab demam tifoid adalah kurangnya kebersihan tangan atau hand hygiene. Kebersihan diri salah satu penularan dari penyakit saluran pencernaan adalah melalui tangan yang tercemar oleh mikroorganisme yang merupakan penyebab penyakit (Rakhman, 2009;Nuruzzaman, & Syahrul, 2016).…”

Section: Hubungan Hand Hygiene Dengan Kejadian Demam Tifoidunclassified

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Kebersihan makanan dan hand hygiene sebagai faktor resiko demam tifoid di Bandar Jaya, Lampung

Trismiyana

Agung²

2020

J.HolHealth

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Kebersihan makanan dan hand hygiene sebagai faktor resiko demam tifoid di Bandar Jaya, LampungBackground: Typhoid fever is still a public health problem with as many as 22 million cases per year in the world and causes 216,000–600,000 deaths. Typhoid fever in Indonesia increases from year to year with an average illness of 500/100,000 populations and a mortality rate of 0.6–5%. The incidence of typhoid fever in Lampung Province in 2018 was 37,708 people, an increase compared to 2017 which was 32,896 patients. Data from the Central Lampung Health authority in 2018, typhoid fever in Public health centre reached 3,415 people. While the highest prevalence of 37 public health centre in Central Lampung was in Bandar Jaya Health Center as many as 133 people. One of the things that can trigger this disease is food and hand hygiene factors.Purpose: Knowing of poor food hygiene and hand hygiene as risk factors for typhoid fever in Bandar Jaya, LampungMethod: A quantitative study with a design by case control. The research subjects were patients who had a fever at Bandar Jaya Health Centre in Central Lampung, with 80 respondents divided by 2 groups; 40 respondents (cases) and 40 respondents as control. Data analysis in this study used the chi-square test.Results: Most of the respondents never washed their hands before eating, as much as 72.5% and taking food from outside (unhygienic) 72.5%. There have not a relationship between unhygienic food and hand hygiene as a risk factor for typhoid fever in Bandar Jaya, Lampung (p-value = 0.639, OR = 1.23 14,286); hand hygiene and typhoid fever (p-value = 0.809, OR = 1.24).Conclusion: There have not a relationship between unhygienic food and hand hygiene as a risk factor for typhoid fever. It needs to further improve health promotion about good eating habits and good hand hygiene in the community.Keywords: Poor food hygiene; Hand hygiene; Risk factors; Typhoid feverPendahuluan: Demam tifoid masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dengan jumlah kasus sebanyak 22 juta per tahun di dunia dan menyebabkan 216.000–600.000 kematian. Demam tifoid di Indonesia menunjukkan kecenderungan meningkat dari tahun ke tahun dengan rata-rata kesakitan 500/100.000 penduduk dan angka kematian antara 0,6–5%. Angka kejadian demam tifoid di Provinsi Lampung tahun 2018 adalah 37.708 orang, meningkat dibandingkan pada tahun 2017 yaitu sebanyak 32.896 pasien. Data Dinas Kesehatan Lampung Tengah tahun 2018, demam tifoid di Puskesmas mencapai 3.415 orang. Sedangkan prevalensi tertinggi dari 37 Puskesmas di Lampung Tengah terdapat di Puskesmas Bandar Jaya sebanyak 133 orang. Salah satu hal yang dapat memicu timbulnya penyakit ini adalah dari makanan dan hand hygiene yang kurang baik.Tujuan: Diketahui hubungan kebersihan makanan dan hand hygiene sebagai faktor resiko demam tifoid di Bandar Jaya, LampungMetode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain case control. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien demam di Puskesmas Bandar Jaya Lampung Tengah sebanyak 80 responden yang terbagi dalam 2 kelompok; 40 responden (kasus) dan 40 responden sebagai kontrol. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: Sebagian besar responden tidak pernah mencuci tangan sebelum makan, sebanyak 72,5% dan jajan makanan dari luar (tidak higienis) 72,5%. Tidak ada hubungan antara makanan tidak higienis dengan kebersihan tangan sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya demam tifoid di Bandar Jaya Lampung (p-value = 0.639, OR = 1.23); kebersihan tangan dan demam tifoid (p-value = 0.809, OR = 1.24).Simpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara makanan yang tidak higienis dan kebersihan tangan sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya demam tifoid. Perlu lebih meningkatkan promosi kesehatan tentang kebiasaan makan yang baik dan kebersihan tangan yang baik di masyarakat.

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Section: Kejadian Demam Tifoidunclassified

Section: Hubungan Kebersihan Makanan Dengan Kejadian Demam Tifoidunclassified

Section: Hubungan Hand Hygiene Dengan Kejadian Demam Tifoidunclassified

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Kebersihan makanan dan hand hygiene sebagai faktor resiko demam tifoid di Bandar Jaya, Lampung

Trismiyana

Agung²

2020

J.HolHealth

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The characteristics of bacteremia among patients with acute febrile illness requiring hospitalization in Indonesia

et al. 2022

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Blood culturing remains the “gold standard” for bloodstream infection (BSI) diagnosis, but the method is inaccessible to many developing countries due to high costs and insufficient resources. To better understand the utility of blood cultures among patients in Indonesia, a country where blood cultures are not routinely performed, we evaluated data from a previous cohort study that included blood cultures for all participants. An acute febrile illness study was conducted from July 2013 to June 2016 at eight major hospitals in seven provincial capitals in Indonesia. All participants presented with a fever, and two-sided aerobic blood cultures were performed within 48 hours of hospital admission. Positive cultures were further assessed for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. Specimens from participants with negative culture results were screened by advanced molecular and serological methods for evidence of causal pathogens. Blood cultures were performed for 1,459 of 1,464 participants, and the 70.6% (1,030) participants that were negative by dengue NS1 antigen test were included in further analysis. Bacteremia was observed in 8.9% (92) participants, with the most frequent pathogens being Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (41) and Paratyphi A (10), Escherichia coli (14), and Staphylococcus aureus (10). Two S. Paratyphi A cases had evidence of AMR, and several E. coli cases were multidrug resistant (42.9%, 6/14) or monoresistant (14.3%, 2/14). Culture contamination was observed in 3.6% (37) cases. Molecular and serological assays identified etiological agents in participants having negative cultures, with 23.1% to 90% of cases being missed by blood cultures. Blood cultures are a valuable diagnostic tool for hospitalized patients presenting with fever. In Indonesia, pre-screening patients for the most common viral infections, such as dengue, influenza, and chikungunya viruses, would maximize the benefit to the patient while also conserving resources. Blood cultures should also be supplemented with advanced laboratory tests when available.

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Risk Factors of Typhoid Fever in Adolescents in PKU Muhammadiyah Singkil Islamic Hospital, Tegal District

Wardani

2024

MTPHJ

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Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease of the small intestine caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi A, B, and C. Various factors influence the occurrence of typhoid fever, including handwashing habits, consuming snacks outside the home, and environmental conditions around the house. This study aims to determine the risk factors for the incidence of typhoid fever in adolescents at PKU Muhammadiyah Singkil Hospital, Tegal Regency. The research employed an analytical observation with a cross-sectional design conducted from April to June 2021. The research method included the Widal test and filling out questionnaires. Data were analyzed using univariate and chi-square tests. The results of this study revealed 14 positive patients with typhoid fever, with a Widal titer of 1/160 (40%) and a Widal titer of 1/320 in 21 people (60%). There was no significant relationship between the habit of handwashing and the incidence of typhoid fever (p = 0,076). Similarly, no significant relationship was found between the habit of eating outside the home and the incidence of typhoid fever (p = 0,144). However, a significant relationship was observed between environmental conditions around the house and the incidence of typhoid fever (p = 0,009). It is recommended that individuals improve personal hygiene and the environment around their homes to reduce Salmonella typhi infection. Keywords: Salmonella typhi, typhoid fever, widal test

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Risk Analysis of Typhoid Fever Based on Personal Hygiene and Street Food Consumption Habit at Home

Cited by 3 publications

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Kebersihan makanan dan hand hygiene sebagai faktor resiko demam tifoid di Bandar Jaya, Lampung

Kebersihan makanan dan hand hygiene sebagai faktor resiko demam tifoid di Bandar Jaya, Lampung

The characteristics of bacteremia among patients with acute febrile illness requiring hospitalization in Indonesia

Risk Factors of Typhoid Fever in Adolescents in PKU Muhammadiyah Singkil Islamic Hospital, Tegal District

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