Transmission Media of Foodborne Diseases as an Index Prediction of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: Study at Elementary School, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract

Foodborne diseases (FBDs) have a large disease burden among children. The major type of FBD in children is diarrhea, caused mainly by contaminated food. One of the diarrhea pathogens is Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). The aim of this study was to establish a model of microbial prediction (DEC) in stool, caused by the transmission of FBDs in elementary schoolchildren. An observational analytic study was conducted, with a nested case-control study design. In Stage I, the study population was children in a selected elementary school at Surabaya. The sample size for Stage I was 218 children. In Stage II, the case sample was all children with a positive test for DEC (15 children), and the control sample was all children who had tested negative for DEC (60 children). The result of the laboratory tests showed that the proportion of DEC in children was 6.88% (15 of 218 children) and the proportion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in children was only 0.46%. The most significant mode of transmission included in the model was the snacking frequency at school and the risk classification of food that was often purchased at school. The formulation of the predicting model of DEC in stool can be used as an early warning against the incidence of FBDs in elementary schoolchildren.

Influence of Extraction Solvent on the Phenolic Profile and Bioactivity of Two Achillea Species

“…These infectious microorganisms are mainly Escherichia coli [ 12 ], Salmonella sp. [ 13 ], and Staphylococcus aureus , a foodborne [ 14 ], skin [ 15 ], and soft tissue infection pathogen [ 16 ]. Due to the extensive use of antibiotics, both E. coli [ 17 ], and S. aureus [ 18 ] are common pathogens that have developed multiple drug resistances.…”

“…Petrol ether, 2 chloroform,3 ethanol,4 water,5 inflorescences,6 vegetative part,7 not detected, 8 p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 9 m-hydroybenzoic acid,10 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 11 salicylic acid,12 chlorogenic acid,13 caffeic acid, 14 p-coumaric acid,15 ferulic acid,16 rosmarinic acid. The values within one row followed by the same letter do not differ significantly after factorial ANOVA post hoc Newman-Keuls analysis at a significance level of p < 0.01.…”

Does Antibiotic Usage in Animal and Plant Farm Really Become a Major Contributor in Human Antimicrobial Resistance Challenges?

“…The third factor is when a human is consuming an uncooked or undercooked animal food products that are already contaminated with antibiotic resistant organisms. They will have a great chance of getting this particular antibiotic resistant organisms [8]. This microbes will eventually compete with the human 's commensal flora to continue their subsequent life cycle as describe above to be the winner in colonizing and predominating their growth.…”

Isolation and Identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Lytic Bacteriophage from Environment Sewage

“…Escherichia coli O157:H7 is suspected of causing 63.000 instances of foodborne illness, 2.100 hospitalizations, 20 deaths, and a $ 271 million economic burden [ 4 , 5 ]. E. coli O157:H7 was existed in the feces of asymptomatic children attending elementary school in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia [ 6 ]. East Java is the largest contributor to the national cattle population, accounting for roughly 43% of the total, with beef production accounting for 20% of the total, or roughly 575,557 tonnes, and beef consumption accounting for 447,460 tonnes [ 7 ].…”