The genetic diversity and population structure of Salvia lachnostachys Benth were assessed. Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers were used to investigate the restricted distribution of S. lachnostachys in Parana State, Brazil. Leaves of 73 individuals representing three populations were collected. DNA was extracted and submitted to PCR-ISSR amplification with nine tested primers. Genetic diversity parameters were evaluated. Our analysis indicated 95.6% polymorphic loci (stress value 0.02) with a 0.79 average Simpson’s index. The Nei-Li distance dendrogram and principal component analysis largely recovered the geographical origin of each sample. Four major clusters were recognized representing each collected population. Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s information index were 0.25 and 0.40 respectively. As is typical for outcrossing herbs, the majority of genetic variation occurred at the population level (81.76%). A high gene flow (Nm = 2.48) was observed with a correspondingly low fixation index. These values were generally similar to previous studies on congeneric species. The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCA) and of arithmetic average (UPGMA) were consistent and all three populations appear distinct as in STRUCTURE analysis. In addition, this analysis indicated a majority intrapopulation genetic variation. Despite the human pressure on natural populations our study found high levels of genetic diversity for S. lachnostachys. This was the first molecular assessment for this endemic species with medicinal proprieties and the results can guide for subsequent bioprospection, breeding programs or conservation actions.

Este trabalho apresenta o estudo taxonômico das espécies de Ocotea (Aubl.) no estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil. São fornecidos chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações e comentários, que incluem distribuição geográfica, habitat, estado de conservação e época de floração e frutificação. O estudo confirmou 31 espécies de Ocotea no estado do Paraná. A Floresta Atlântica tem o maior número de espécies (26) sendo onze endêmicas, seguida pela Floresta com Araucária (14) com uma endêmica, Floresta Estacional (11), Cerrado (7) com duas endêmicas e Campos (1). Duas espécies correm risco de extinção local. Ocotea daphnifolia (Meisn.) Mez e Ocotea velutina (Nees) Rohwer são citadas pela primeira vez no Paraná.

These results indicate that the CE and the active constituents have a topical anti-inflammatory effect and the possible mechanisms for the pharmacological effects are discussed.

Abstract:The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves of Casearia lasiophylla Eichler, Salicaceae, was analyzed by gas capillary (GC/FID and GC/MS). The cytotoxicity of the leaves essential oil was tested in vitro against U251 (glioma), UACC-62 (melanoma), MCF-7 (breast), NC1-ADR/RES (ovarianresistant), NCI-H460 (lung), PC03 (prostate), OVCAR-3 (ovarian), HT-29 (colon) and K562 (leukemia) human cancer cells and against VERO (no cancer cell). The yield of oil was 0.02%. Fifty two compounds were identified, representing 87.1% of the total of the oil. The main components were identified as germacrene D (18.6%), β-caryophyllene (14.7%), δ-cadinene (6.2%), and α-cadinol (5.4%). The oil exhibited antiproliferative activity against all cell lines (TGI<100 μg/mL), with exception of NCI-H460 cell line (TGI 191.31 μg/mL). The highest activity was observed against UACC-62 (TGI 7.30 μg/mL), and K562 (TGI 7.56 μg/mL) cell lines. The observed activity could be related to high content of germacrene D and β-caryophyllene, compounds known as cytotoxic.

ResumoNo período entre fevereiro de 2006 e novembro de 2007, realizou-se o levantamento florístico de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Aluvial à margem do rio Iguaçu, no município de Palmeira (PR). Espera-se, dessa maneira, contribuir para o conhecimento da flora do Paraná e gerar subsídios para futuros estudos de preservação e recuperação de florestas aluviais. Para tanto, foram alocadas duas parcelas, totalizando aproximadamente 2,5 ha. As coletas de material botânico foram mensais, e, para a determinação das espécies, empregou-se bibliografia específica, eventuais consultas a especialistas e comparações com exsicatas tombadas em herbários da região. A floresta apresentou-se estruturada em três estratos. Coletaram-se indivíduos distribuídos em 67 famílias, 111 gêneros e 134 espécies. As famílias que se destacaram em número de espécies foram Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae, Bromeliaceae e Poaceae. Muitas das espécies identificadas estavam presentes em outros estudos realizados em ambiente similar, indicando que os resultados são representativos. Palavras-chave: Floresta Ombrófila Mista Aluvial; levantamento florístico; rio Iguaçu. Abstract Floristic survey of one break up of Forest Ombrophylous Mixed Aluvial the Iguaçu river, Palmeira City (PR).During the period from February, 2006 to November 2007, it was developed a survey about a flowering fragment of the Ombrophylous Mixed Aluvial forest in the bank of Iguaçu River in the city of Palmeira (PR). One expects, in this way, to contribute for the knowledge of the Flora of the Paraná and to generate subsidies for future studies of preservation and recovery of aluvial forests. To get to this result it was analyzed two plots that added about 2,5 ha. The collections of botanical materials were monthly, and for the determination of the species specific bibliography it was used, eventual consultations to specialists and comparisons with registered exsiccates in herbaria of the region. The forest was presented structuralized in three stratus. Individuals distributed in 67 families, 111 genera and 134 species had collected themselves. The families which had detached in species number were Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae, Bromeliaceae and Poaceae. Many of the identified species were found in other studies carried out in similar environment, indicating that the results are representative.

No abstract

-(The subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae Lindl.) Br., Indigofera L., Leptolobium Vogel, Ormosia Jacks., Periandra Mart. ex Benth. and Rhynchosia Lour. were each represented by a single species. Descriptions, identification keys, notes and illustrations for the taxa found in the area are provided.

Salvia lachnostachys Benth., Lamiaceae, is a endemic species from southern Brazil. The essential oil of its leaves and flowers is mainly constituted by aliphatic compounds, such as dodecanoic acid, with sesquiterpenes as minor constituents. This work evaluated the morphology, anatomy, microchemistry, and phytochemistry of S. lachnostachys to provide advanced knowledge of Brazilian plants with medicinal potential. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used in the anatomical and microchemical studies. Compounds were isolated by chromatographic techniques, identified by analysis of their NMR spectra and compared with published data. S. lachnostachys can be distinguished from other related species mainly by its petiolate leaves, terminal inflorescence, persistent bracts, and villous-glandular corolla. The stem and leaves of S. lachnostachys display anatomical characteristics common to the family Lamiaceae. However, this species can be distinguished from other family members by the morphology and the presence of eglandular and glandular trichomes, as well as the organization of the vascular bundles of the petiole. The phytochemical results revealed that S. lacnostachys produces oleanolic and ursolic acids in addition to the diterpene fruticuline A, which is a rare compound, previously found only in Salvia fruticulosa Benth. and S. corrugata Vahl. Ursolic and oleanolic acids are bioactive triterpenes that exhibit antiatherosclerotic, anticancer, antihypertensive, antinflammatory, antileukemic, antimutagenic, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiviral activities, and fruticuline A has antibacterial activity.