Morphoanatomical and phytochemical studies of Salvia lachnostachys (Lamiaceae)

Abstract

Salvia lachnostachys Benth., Lamiaceae, is a endemic species from southern Brazil. The essential oil of its leaves and flowers is mainly constituted by aliphatic compounds, such as dodecanoic acid, with sesquiterpenes as minor constituents. This work evaluated the morphology, anatomy, microchemistry, and phytochemistry of S. lachnostachys to provide advanced knowledge of Brazilian plants with medicinal potential. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used in the anatomical and microchemical studies. Compounds were isolated by chromatographic techniques, identified by analysis of their NMR spectra and compared with published data. S. lachnostachys can be distinguished from other related species mainly by its petiolate leaves, terminal inflorescence, persistent bracts, and villous-glandular corolla. The stem and leaves of S. lachnostachys display anatomical characteristics common to the family Lamiaceae. However, this species can be distinguished from other family members by the morphology and the presence of eglandular and glandular trichomes, as well as the organization of the vascular bundles of the petiole. The phytochemical results revealed that S. lacnostachys produces oleanolic and ursolic acids in addition to the diterpene fruticuline A, which is a rare compound, previously found only in Salvia fruticulosa Benth. and S. corrugata Vahl. Ursolic and oleanolic acids are bioactive triterpenes that exhibit antiatherosclerotic, anticancer, antihypertensive, antinflammatory, antileukemic, antimutagenic, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiviral activities, and fruticuline A has antibacterial activity.

In Vitro Study to Evaluate Antibacterial and Non-hemolytic Activities of Four Iranian Medicinal Plants

“…In many other reports, the antibacterial, antiviral and other medicinal properties of different medicinal plants have been studied (32,33). This is due to the importance of plants and medicinal herbs in herbal therapy and drug discovery.…”

Anti‐Inflammatory and Antihyperalgesic Activities of Ethanolic Extract and Fruticulin A from Salvia lachnostachys Leaves in Mice

“…Fruticulin A ( 1 ) was isolated by chromatographic fractionation of SLEE, yielding around 1%. Detailed experimental procedures were previously described [6]. …”

“…is an herbaceous plant, slightly aromatic, endemic to southern Brazil. Previous chemical studies have reported the chemical composition of its essential oils [5], the isolation of the triterpenes ursolic and oleanolic acids, and the diterpene fruticulin A (Figure 1) from the ethanolic extract of leaves [6]. To our knowledge, this plant is not used in traditional medicine in Brazil.…”

Structural characterization of vegetative organs of the endangered Brazilian native species Hesperozygis ringens (Benth.) Epling

“…Similarly to H. ringens, petiole contour was also described for Lamium L. and Salvia L. species (Bagherpour et al 2010, Bercu et al 2011, Erbano et al 2012, Celep et al 2014, Atalay et al 2016, Özdemir et al 2016. Petiole contour is a mandatory state in morphological studies, being taxonomically useful in Lamiaceae, as observed for Lamium (Atalay et al 2016) and Salvia (Özdemir et al 2016).…”

“…The vascular structure is considered a very important feature of petiole (Metcalfe and Chalk 1972), mainly among species of the same genus. A great overlap of characteristics is found in Lamiaceae genera, as mentioned for Salvia and Lamium (Bagherpour et al 2010, Bercu et al 2011, Erbano et al 2012, Celep et al 2014, Atalay et al 2016, Özdemir et al 2016. were also found above epidermal level in stems of Salvia nutans L., a species belonging to another subtribe of the same family (Bercu et al 2011).…”