Работа посвящена совершенствованию системы контроля производства белых столовых вин с географическим статусом. Исследован химический состав, биохимические свойства и физико-химические характеристики объектов контроля в цепочке «виноград-сусло-виноматериал-вино» по пяти регионам Крыма. Использованы общепринятые и разработанные методы энохимического анализа, включая ВЭЖХ; дисперсионный, кластерный и дискриминантный методы статистического анализа данных программы SPSS Statistica 17. Выявлены параметры винограда, виноматериалов и вин, отражающие особенности их углеводно-кислотного и фенольного комплексов, оксидазной системы и различающиеся (a< 0,05) по почвенно-климатическим районам производства объектов. Оценена роль природных факторов в формировании параметров объектов и их взаимосвязь. Разработана система параметров качества и технологических свойств винограда, виноматериалов и вин, в совокупности дифференцирующих (Wilks L. < 0,094, a <0,0004, ошибка < 5%) их по географическому происхождению. Система параметров предлагается для контроля и управления формированием отличительных качественных признаков белых столовых вин, обусловленных районом произрастания винограда.The paper discusses the improvement of production control system over white table wines with geographical status. We studied the chemical composition, biochemical and physicochemical characteristics of the control objects in the chain “grapes-must-wine material-wine” for 5 regions of Crimea. Standard and developed methods for eno-chemical analysis of objects were applied, including HPLC; SPSS Statistica 17 ANOVA, cluster and discriminant analyzes. Parameters of grapes, wine materials and wines were determined reflecting peculiarities of their carbohydrate-acid and phenolic complexes, oxidase system and differing (a <0.05) by soil-climatic regions of object origin. The role of natural factors in parameter formation was assessed along with their correlation. A system of parameters of quality and technological properties was developed for grapes, wine materials and wines that in the aggregate differentiate (Wilks L. < 0.094, a < 0.0004, error < 5%) them by their geographical origin. We suggest to use this system of parameters to monitor and control formation of distinctive quality characteristics of white table wines, determined by the region of grapevine growth.
One of the ways to reduce the pesticidal burden in mature ampelocenoses is the use of foliar bio-preparations of multifunctional action. We studied the influence of growth bioregulators “Albit” and “Mival-Agro” at reduced by 25–50% fungicidal load on productivity and phenolic complex composition (using the HPLC method) of Vitis vinifera “Asma” (Crimean autochthonous table cultivar), “Cabernet Sauvignon” and table grapes of complex genetic structure “Moldova”, grown in the mountain-valley seaside region of Crimea. It was established that bio-regulators increase the harvest of grapes, especially in the first and third years of treatment, depending on the preparation and grape cultivar, by 27–64% and 24–29%, respectively, as compared to control; the bunch weight increased by 134 ± 41%. The first two years of treatment enhance sugar accumulation in berries by 0.7–2.6 Brix. “Albit” preparation proved to be more effective as compared to “Mival-Agro”. The use of “Albit” on “Moldova” and “Cabernet Sauvignon” grapes increased components content in the berries by 19%–88% relative to control, depending on the cultivar and year of treatment, of which: anthocyanins – by 23–83%, stilbenes – by 24–138%. Regardless of treatment, the anthocyanin complex consisted by 75–87% of malvidin monoglucosides in “Cabernet Sauvignon” and “Asma”; 22–56% of malvidin monoglucosides and 21–62% of malvidin diglucoside in “Moldova”. The studied preparations had no significant impact on the quality of wines from “Cabernet Sauvignon”, however, they improved the quality of table grapes and their preservation capacity during storage.
The biologization of viticulture is considered as a necessary attribute of its effective functioning, aimed at reducing environmental and economic risks. Comparative studies of the effect of conservative system of agriculture, including chemical crop protection, and the organic system with using preparations Extrasol, Respecta, Chitosan, Tiovit Jet on physicochemical indicators and quality of grapes and wines were carried out. We used grape cultivar ‘Bastardo magarachskiy’ from the South Coast area of Crimea. It was found that using preparations in the organic farming system contributed to the accumulation (α<0.05) of sugars in berries on average by 15%, phenolic compounds – by 13-22%, anthocyanins – by 23%, and PPO activity of the must. Experimental schemes of treatment did not influence the accumulation of aldehydes in berries. Their effect on the content of ketoacids was determined by the crop year conditions. Experimental wines were distinguished by a higher (α<0.05) content of ethyl alcohol, phenolic compounds (on average by 46%), anthocyanins (1.6 times), pyruvic and α-ketoglutaric acids (1.6 and 1.9 times) and a lower (by 20 %) concentration of aldehydes. Experimental schemes of treatment did not influence on the organoleptic of wines. The best result was shown by the complex of Tiovit Jet and Extrasol.
Introduction. There is still an urgent need in viticulture for studying the effect of tank mixtures of pesticides and bioactive substances on Vitis vinifera and, therefore, the quality and composition of wine. We aimed to study the effect of NanoKremny (silicon fertilizer) treatment of the grapevine on the productivity and quality of grape harvest, as well as the quality of dry wines. Study objects and methods. Grape varieties from three vineyards in Crimea and the wines produced from them. We applied standard methods used in viticulture, plant protection, and oenological practice. Organic acids and volatile components in grapes and wines were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Results and discussion. We found that the most effective use of NanoKremny was threefold at 0.15 L/ha during the periods of active growth and formation of vegetative and generative organs in grapevines. It had a positive effect on vegetative development, water balance, productivity of grape plants, as well as yield quality and quantity. Also, NanoKremny decreased the development of mildew and oidium diseases, preserved the content of titratable acids in grapes during their ripening, as well as accumulated phenolic compounds, tartaric and malic acids in grape berries. Conclusion. We found no negative effect of NanoKremny treatment of the grapevine on the physicochemical parameters and sensory characteristics of wines. Thus, this preparation can be used as a bioorganic additive in viticulture.
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