The Crimean autochthonous grape varieties are unique by their origin and serve as a valuable source for breeding new cultivars with increased salt and frost resistance, as well as high-quality berries. However, they suffer from fungal pathogens, as the dry and hot summer months contribute to the epiphytotic course of diseases. An increase in the resistance of Crimean grape varieties is currently achieved through interspecific hybridization. In this study, we describe the genetic and agrobiological diversity of three hybrid populations obtained using the Vitis interspecific hybrid ‘Magarach 31-77-10′ as a female parent and Muscadinia rotundifolia × Vitis vinifera BC5 hybrid plants as male parents. The hybrid nature of the populations was assessed using RADseq high-throughput genotyping. We discovered 12,734 SNPs, which were common to all three hybrid populations. We also proved with the SSR markers that the strong powdery and downy mildew resistance of the paternal genotypes is determined by the dominant Run1/Rpv1 locus inherited from M. rotundifolia. As a result, the disease development score (R, %) for both mildew diseases in the female parent ‘Magarach 31-77-10’ was three times higher than in male parents 2000-305-143 and 2000-305-163 over two years of phytopathological assessment. The highest values of yield-contributing traits (average bunch weight ~197 g and 1.3 kg as yield per plant) were detected in the population 4-11 (♀M. No. 31-77-10 × 2000-305-163). Despite the epiphytotic development of PM, the spread of oidium to the vegetative organs of hybrids 4-11 did not exceed 20%. Some hybrid genotypes with high productivity and resistance to pathogens were selected for further assessment as promising candidates for new varieties.

No abstract

No abstract

At the present stage of science development it is necessary to develop and implement the grape breeding programs for immunity basing on the international level of knowledge about the genetics of immunity to pathogens that cause culture diseases. The extensive material on genes of grape resistance to Plasmopara viticola and Erysiphe necator (Uncinula necator), which cause mildew and oidium diseases, has been collected thanks to the MAS technology. There is an evidence of necessity to pyramidize genes of resistance to these pathogens in one progeny genome for consistent field resistance to the complex of these pathogens. However, even at present, the issue of study the transfer of specific genes of resistance from parents to the progeny, their combining ability in one genome, and gene expression during pathogenesis remains relevant. This publication discusses the formation of grape breeding program in the FSBSI Institute Magarach of the RAS on introgression of resistance genes of the species Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadinia rotundifolia), and also presents the results of phytopathological screening of populations resulting from crossing with this species.

No abstract

and Winemaking "Magarach" RAS, Yalta, Republic of the Crimea, RussiaCollection, preservation and effective use of grapevine genetic resources is vital for the development of ampelography as a subdiscipline of botany, for the successful development of industrial viticulture for contemporaries and future generations. The grapevine genetic resources of the Institute "Magarach" constitute one of the world's oldest and richest ampelographic collections containing 4 120 samples, of which 763 make a special selected collection and 3 357 are in the base collection. The botanical diversity of the base collection is represented by three species of the genus Ampelopsis Michaux, two species of the genus Parthe nocissus Planch., 22 species of the genus Vitis Linn., 612 varieties of interspecific origin, 2 162 varieties of Vitis vinifera sativa D.C. and others. The specificity of preserving the field collection of grapevines -a culture that reproduces vegetatively -depends on the following factors: graft culture, perennial nature of the plants, genetic diversity of samples, which vary as to their resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, and cultivation conditions. The successful establishment and conservation of future collections require fundamentally new cultivation techniques and application of cultivation methods involving revitalized grape planting stock. To supplement the traditional method of grapevine genetic resources conservation in the field collection, we have developed a method of preserving the gene pool collection in vitro under the minimal growth conditions. At the institute "Magarach" we have formed a vegetative collection of 40 grapevine varieties, hybrids and clones in vitro, and this work is under way. An effective way to solve the problem of gene pool preservation is cryopreservation, which is the main way of preserving genetic material of some crops. At present, the method of cryopreservation of the vine, considering the difficulties of overcoming the cryogenic damages of the biological material of grapes at ultra-low temperatures, remains the most difficult and chances of losing the collection are quite high. Thus, at present field collection is the main method of grape genetic resources conservation. Formation of in vitro grapevine collections method is considered a subsidiary one. In Проблема сбора, сохранения и стабильного использования гене-тических ресурсов винограда важна для современной науки, успешного развития промышленного виноградарства, современ-ных людей и будущих поколений. Генетические ресурсы виногра да института «Магарач» сосредоточены в ампелографической коллек-ции, одной из старейших и крупнейших мировых коллекций вино-града, которая содержит 4 120 образцов, в том числе 763 образца специальной селекционной коллекции и 3 357 образцов базовой коллекции винограда. Ботаническое разнообразие базовой кол-лекции представлено тремя видами рода Ampelopsis Michaux, дву-мя видами рода Parthenocissus Planch., 22 видами рода Vitis Linn., 612 сортами межвидового происхождения, 2 162 ...

Leaf-feeding phylloxera decreases the photosynthetic activity of a grape plant, leading to decreasing number of fruit buds. In addition, phylloxera larvae emerging from the leaf galls may colonize the roots, negatively affecting the growth of the grape plant. In this study, we evaluated host tolerance of three grapevine hybrid populations obtained from crossing of the same maternal grapevine M. no. 31-77-10 with interspecific hybrids carrying introgressions from Muscadinia and other North American Vitis species against leaf-feeding grape phylloxera. Combining genotyping data of the populations obtained with 12,734 SNPs and their resistance phenotypes evaluated in the laboratory experiment, we performed an association study. As the result of GWAS, nine SNPs with the lowest significant p-values were discovered in the whole sample of 139 hybrids as associated with variation of the scores ‘the percentage of infested leaves’ and ‘intensity of gall formation’. Three of the SNPs on LG 7 were located in the same chromosome interval where a major QTL (RDV6) for root phylloxera resistance was reported from Muscadine background. Two SNPs on LG 8 were detected within the gene, encoding E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UPL4 involved in apoptosis. SNPs detected on LG 13 and LG 18 may overlap with the previously reported QTLs for phylloxera resistance inherited from V. cinerea.

No abstract