Immunogenic breeding program. Stage I-phytopathological screening of the grape gene pool

Abstract

At the present stage of science development it is necessary to develop and implement the grape breeding programs for immunity basing on the international level of knowledge about the genetics of immunity to pathogens that cause culture diseases. The extensive material on genes of grape resistance to Plasmopara viticola and Erysiphe necator (Uncinula necator), which cause mildew and oidium diseases, has been collected thanks to the MAS technology. There is an evidence of necessity to pyramidize genes of resistance to these pathogens in one progeny genome for consistent field resistance to the complex of these pathogens. However, even at present, the issue of study the transfer of specific genes of resistance from parents to the progeny, their combining ability in one genome, and gene expression during pathogenesis remains relevant. This publication discusses the formation of grape breeding program in the FSBSI Institute Magarach of the RAS on introgression of resistance genes of the species Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadinia rotundifolia), and also presents the results of phytopathological screening of populations resulting from crossing with this species.

Introgressions of Vitis rotundifolia Michx. to obtain grapevine genotypes with complex resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

“…The obtained results of the field evaluation of resistance to pathogens were confirmed by experiments on laboratory assessment of resistance using the disk test method (Volynkin et al, 2021с). The results indicate the great importance of remote hybridization of V. vinifera with V. rotundifolia, as well as derivatives of the cv.…”

Development of a High-Density Genetic Map for Muscadine Grape Using a Mapping Population from Selfing of the Perfect-Flowered Vine ‘Dixie’

“…When studying resistance of ‘Dixie’ S1 seedlings to powdery mildew and downy mildew, inoculation was carried out with Crimean local isolates of pathogens Erysiphe necator and Plasmopara viticola collected from the southern coast of Crimea. For inoculation, we used a method that has proven itself well in our previous studies and was described earlier [ 26 , 27 ]. In particular, for a laboratory experiment with inoculation by powdery mildew isolate, a segment of a shoot with three leaves was taken from each plant in order to keep the leaves fresh as long as possible since oidium is an obligate parasite and develops on living tissue.…”

Grapevine Gene Systems for Resistance to Gray Mold Botrytis cinerea and Powdery Mildew Erysiphe necator

“…), V. labrusca L.). Due to its ability to be easily crossed with V. vinifera, these wild species are actively and successfully used in breeding as a rootstock, providing resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses [5,12,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. However, grape breeding is a slow process, for example, only after six successive crosses between Vitis vinifera and Muscadinia rotundifolia the complete resistance to powdery mildew was developed, which was associated with the transfer of the Run1 resistance gene to V. vinifera [53].…”

“…The East Asian and American groups include all the rest species of grapes. They are mostly of no practical value due to the low quality of the fruit and still remain poorly studied [1,3,5]. Two subgenera of Vitis have been commonly recognized: (1) subg.…”

“…Muscadinia (2n = 40) includes only 2-3 species and its distribution includes only the southeastern United States, northeastern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and the Caribbean [1][2][3]5,6]. The recognition of the two distinct subgenera, defined on the basis of morphological, karyological and cytological differences, is still debated [3,5]. The grape production is widespread throughout the world.…”