Introgressions of Vitis rotundifolia Michx. to obtain grapevine genotypes with complex resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Abstract

Vitis rotundifolia Michx. is one of the species of the family Vitaceae, with resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study reports new scientific knowledge about the inheritance of resistance to downy mildew, powdery mildew and frost by V. vinifera varieties from V. rotundifolia. Recombinant lines of three hybrid populations from the crossing of the maternal genotype ♀M. 31-77-10 with V. rotundifolia hybrids were used as the object of the study. As a result of laboratory screening, more than 40 % of recombinants of the ♀M. 31-77-10× ×[DRX-M5-734+DRX-M5-753+DRX-M5-790] population showed a high degree of frost resistance (–24 °C), while 6 % of transgressive recombinants were characterized by a very high degree of resistance (–27 °С). The maternal genotype ♀M. 31-77-10 does not carry alleles of resistance to powdery mildew at the Run1 locus and in the field suffers from powdery mildew much more than the paternal genotypes. The prevalence of powdery mildew on vegetative organs in the three recombinant populations over the years varies on average between 3.2–17.1, 0.3–17.7 and 0.6–5.2 %, respectively. As a result, almost all recombinant genotypes that received a resistant allele from the paternal genome are highly resistant to powdery mildew.

Development of a High-Density Genetic Map for Muscadine Grape Using a Mapping Population from Selfing of the Perfect-Flowered Vine ‘Dixie’

“…When studying resistance of ‘Dixie’ S1 seedlings to powdery mildew and downy mildew, inoculation was carried out with Crimean local isolates of pathogens Erysiphe necator and Plasmopara viticola collected from the southern coast of Crimea. For inoculation, we used a method that has proven itself well in our previous studies and was described earlier [ 26 , 27 ]. In particular, for a laboratory experiment with inoculation by powdery mildew isolate, a segment of a shoot with three leaves was taken from each plant in order to keep the leaves fresh as long as possible since oidium is an obligate parasite and develops on living tissue.…”

Boosting grapevine breeding for climate-smart viticulture: from genetic resources to predictive genomics

“…The evaluation of these traits during breeding programs is complicated by the impossibility of predicting and observing natural occurrences of winter and spring frosts within a specific environment, which can only be simulated by freezing buds artificially. In this regard, it is interesting to notice the application of artificial frost procedures together with OIV frost resistance descriptors, to some introgression lines of V. vinifera to study complex frost resistance traits from V. rotundifolia Michx., highlighting the importance of traditional breeding both aimed to the creation of new rootstock and productive cultivars, and to the study of grapevine genetics ( Volynkin et al., 2021 ). A study performed on Vitis amurensis , which among Vitis species in the coldest tolerant, individuated 17 different genes involved in cold signal transduction, suggesting a different mechanism between plant response to chilling temperature and to freezing conditions ( Wang et al., 2021a ), providing in this way a valuable genetic resource for grapevine breeding.…”