This study aimed to evaluate the plant growth regulator application, in different doses, on priming, with and without water restriction, in corn seeds. Evaluations were carried out in two periods (0 to 30 days of storage), with treatments consisting of seeds primed in water (0.0 MPa) and polyethylene glycol 6000 solution (-0.4 MPa), with or without plant growth regulator added in different doses, plus a control group. The amount of plant growth regulator was standardized by the gibberellic acid concentration in the commercial product, adopting the doses zero, 1, 2 and 3 mg of gibberellic acid. L-1 solution. After priming, the seeds were dried in an oven with forced air circulation for nine hours, and evaluated for water content, percentage and first count of germination, percentage of abnormal seedlings and non-germinated seeds, cold test, seedling length and dry weight and vigor index. Priming with water restriction -0.4 MPa, in solution of polyethylene glycol 6000, improves the vigor; however, the addition of plant growth regulator in priming does not provide increase in corn seeds quality. Corn priming in water, regardless the addition of plant growth regulator, reduces the ability of the seeds to withstand storage.

-This study aimed to evaluated different methodologies and water potentials for priming of maize seeds, in order to increase vigor. The experiment was carried out following a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme 4x3+1, with four water potentials (0.0, -0.4, -0.8 and -1.2 MPa), three priming methods (immersion in non-aerated solution, immersion in aerated solution, paper roll) and a control. After priming, the seeds were dried and evaluated for water content, percentage and first germination count, seedlings length and dry mass, cold test and vigor index. The water potential recommended for priming maize seeds, in polyethylene glycol 6000 is -0.4 MPa for 24 hours. The priming procedures in towel paper rolls improve the quality of maize seeds.Index terms: osmo-priming, polyethylene glycol, vigor, Zea mays L.Métodos para o condicionamento fisiológico de sementes de milho RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes metodologias e potenciais hídricos para o condicionamento fisiológico de sementes de milho, visando o aumento no vigor. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, esquema fatorial diferenciado 4x3+1, com quatro potenciais hídricos (0,0, -0,4, -0,8 e -1,2 MPa), três métodos de condicionamento (imersão em solução não aerada, imersão em solução aerada e rolo de papel) mais a testemunha. Após o condicionamento fisiológico as sementes foram secas e avaliadas quanto ao teor de água, porcentagem e primeira contagem da germinação, comprimento e massa seca das plântulas, teste de frio e índice de vigor. O potencial hídrico recomendado para o condicionamento fisiológico de sementes de milho, em polietilenoglicol 6000 é de -0,4 MPa por 24 horas. O condicionamento em rolo de papel 'germitest' eleva a qualidade de sementes de milho.Termos para indexação: osmocondicionamento, polietilenoglicol, vigor, Zea mays L.

RESUMO -Avaliou-se a produção de mudas de L. canadensis em níveis de sombreamento e doses de esterco bovino adicionados ao substrato. O delineamento em fatorial 3 x 5 testou três níveis de sombreamento 35, 50 e 70 % e cinco doses de esterco 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 %. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de emergência e sobrevivência, tempo médio de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz, razão entre comprimento da parte aérea e da maior raiz, massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes, número de folhas, diâmetro do colo, teor de clorofila total e índice de qualidade de Dickson. Os sombreamentos de 50 e 70% favoreceram a germinação e emergência, entretanto para o desenvolvimento de L. canadensis os sombreamentos a 35 e 50% foram mais eficientes. O incremento de esterco ao substrato proporcionou melhor crescimento das mudas, em que, a adição de 60% foi superior as demais doses. Palavras-chave: almeirão roxo, cultivo protegido, esterco bovinoABSTRACT -Shading and substrate in the production of Lactuca canadensis L. seedlings. The production of L. canadensis seedlings at levels of shading and doses of bovine manure added to the substrate was evaluated. The 3 x 5 factorial design tested three levels of shading 35, 50 and 70% and five doses of manure 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60%. It was evaluated the percentage of emergence and survival, mean time of emergence, shoot and root length, ratio between shoot length and largest root, dry mass of shoots and roots, number of leaves, neck diameter, total chlorophyll content and Dickson quality index. The shading of 50 and 70% favored germination and emergence, however for the development of L. canadensis the shading at 35 and 50% was more efficient. The increase in manure to the substrate gave better growth of the seedlings, in which, the addition of 60% was superior to the other doses.

This work aimed to evaluate the influence of the sowing speed on the regularity of longitudinal distribution of maize seeds through a pneumatic metering seeder. The experimentation of 4 sowing speeds (4, 6, 8 and 10 km h-1) was performed in randomized blocks design with four replicates. The parameters evaluated were the mean distance between plants, coefficient of variation of the distance between plants, percentage of acceptable, flawed and double spacings, precision index, plant stand, initial population, mean seed deposition depth, and coefficient of variation of the seed Nadin et al.; JEAI, 37(2): 1-8, 2019; Article no.JEAI.49124 2 deposition depth. The increase in the operating speed linearly reduced the percentage of acceptable spacings, plant stand, initial population, and mean seed deposition depth. Conversely, it linearly increased the values of mean distance between plants, coefficient of variation of the distance between plants, percentage of double and flawed spacings, precision index, and coefficient of variation of the deposition depth. Therefore, the increase in the displacement speed of the tractor-seeder set reduced the regularity of the longitudinal distribution of the plants, as well as the sowing quality. Original Research Article

-Cowpea is an herbaceous legume susceptible to several insects and diseases; and the beetle Callosobruchus maculatus is the main pest causing direct losses in the production of this crop. The objective of this work was to assess the physical and bromatological characteristics of beans of cowpea varieties (Bico-deOuro, BRS-Novaera, BRS-Guariba and BRS-Tumucumaque) preferred by C. maculatus. Adults of C. maculatus were obtained from a storage unit of cowpea beans. The physical and bromatological characteristics and attractiveness of cowpea beans to insects were evaluated in laboratory. The preferences for oviposition with no choice and attraction to cowpea beans by C. maculatus are not related to the high protein content or physical characteristics of the bean seed coat (thickness and fiber content), since the insects were more attracted to beans of the variety Bico-de-Ouro, which had low crude protein content, the thickest seed coat and high NDF content.Keywords: Vigna unguiculata. Seed coat. Anatomy. CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS E BROMATOLÓGICAS NA PREFERÊNCIA DE Callosobruchus maculatus (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) A DIFERENTES VARIEDADES DE FEIJÃO-CAUPIRESUMO -O feijão-caupi é uma leguminosa, alvo de vários insetos e doenças, sendo a principal praga que causa perdas diretas o caruncho Callosobruchus maculatus. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar as características físicas e bromatológicas das variedades de feijão-caupi Bico de Ouro, BRS Novaera, BRS Guariba e BRS Tumucumaque à preferência do caruncho C. maculatus. Os indivíduos adultos de C. maculatus foram obtidos em unidade armazenadora de sementes de feijão-caupi. Realizou-se em laboratório a caracterização física e bromatológica das sementes e, teste de atratividade dos insetos. A preferência de oviposição e atratividade de C. maculatus aos genótipos de feijão-caupi não estão associadas à atratividade por altos teores de proteína ou às características físicas do tegumento, neste caso espessura e teores de fibra, uma vez que os insetos tiveram maior atratividade pela variedade Bico de Ouro, que apresentou teores reduzidos de proteína bruta, maior espessura do tegumento e maiores teores de fibras em relação às demais variedades.Palavras-chave: Vigna unguiculata. Tegumento. Anatomia.

Estimates for the 2018/2019 grain crop indicate production in the order of 238.5 million tons, an increase of 4.7% compared to the 2017/2018 harvest. This production, although satisfactory, could still be greater, were it not for the problems faced with the logistics of grain disposal where billions are lost due to the limited investment in infrastructure. The objective of this work is to establish a percentage loss index, as well as to assess these quantitative losses during bulk grain transportation of corn. The research was developed through a partnership between the National Supply Company (CONAB) and the NTA (Nucleus of Storage Technology), at the Federal University of Mato Grosso. It was established the evaluation of losses related to grain transportation in the main waterways, being bulk corn in BR 163/364 in the State of Mato Grosso. After the choice of the highways evaluated, we carried out research on the data of romaneios in the transportation of corn in bulk. The obtained data, through the romaneios, provided weight of origin, weight of destination, place of origin and place of destination, in this way, by difference was obtained the quantity of grains lost in the transport and the mileage traveled in each route. By means of these data it was possible to obtain three indices of losses, one in Kg/Km (kilogram per kilometer wheeled), another one in Kg/t (kilograms per tons transported), and also determined an index of loss in percentage of grains transported. With the indication of the indices it was possible to evaluate the losses. The Bitrem truck (7 axles) was used as the basis for calculating the losses, since during the interviews this was the type that had the most occurrences in BRs evaluated, with 39%. Based on the questionnaire, the load weight of 38,000 kg was therefore adopted. For the study of corn grain losses in road transport, 39,642 data were analyzed for routs, with 24,902,808.50 km rotated, mean of 628,19 km away by route. The amount of corn grain transported was 1,852,437,042 kg. The total losses were 1,808,951 kg, averaging 45.63 kg of loss per trip. The loss per km was on average of 0.072 kg. Transport of corn grains between Nova Ubiratã and Rondonópolis presented the highest frequency of trips (8629 trips), however the losses were 37,710 kg of grains or approximately 628 bags of corn (60 Kg). The index of percentage loss for maize (0.1025%). This percentage is lower than the adopted one that is of 0.25%, nevertheless, represent considerable losses for the economy. Based on the data obtained in the present study, it can be stated that it is possible to adopt percentage loss rates of less than 0.25% in contracts. It is recommended to adopt the percentage rates of grain loss in road transport of 0.10% for maize.

Convencionalmente, as políticas públicas relativas à infraestrutura logística são tratadas dissociadas da realidade dos sistemas produtivos agrícola. Além disso, a logística conta com elementos essências para governança e coordenação das cadeias de suprimento, que movimentam as cadeias produtivas em uma dinâmica sistêmica. Nas economias globalizadas a produtividade e competitividade se dão, sobretudo pela eficiência dos mercados de bens e serviços; na pratica os consumidores globais buscam velocidade, acessibilidade e acurasse em suas transações comerciais. Nesse ponto de vista, o estudo apresenta discussões sobre os entraves no gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos do girassol no município de Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso, na safra de 2013/2014, uma vez que, o município é o principal produtor nacional do grão. O estudo permeia aspectos relacionados aos custos e coordenação da cadeia de suprimentos, descrevendo o fluxo entre os seus diversos agentes e parceiros. O método abordado foi o indutivo e dedutivo, a pesquisa exploratória e descritiva a partir da literatura, com aplicação de questionário previamente elaborado e entrevista direta com os produtores.

Objetivou-se comparar a similaridade qualitativa das características fenotípicas de plantas de alface cv. Marisa, desenvolvidas a partir de lotes de sementes produzidas nos Estados Unidos da América (EUA) e no Chile. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos (lotes de sementes provenientes dos EUA-Lote 1 e Chile-Lote 2) e seis repetições, sendo cada unidade experimental constituída por uma parcela de 3,0 x 1,2 m (3,6 m²) e a área útil para avaliação composta de 10 plantas de alface, excluindo-se as primeiras e as últimas plantas de cada linha de cultivo.Avaliou-se nas mudas, 26 dias após a semeadura, o número de folhas; comprimento da maior raiz (cm); massa da matéria seca da parte aérea (MS aérea) e das raízes (MS raízes) (g). No ponto de colheita, antes do corte das plantas, avaliou-se o diâmetro e a altura (cm) e; após a colheita, avaliou-se a massa da matéria fresca total da parte aérea (g planta-1); a massa da matéria fresca comercial (g planta-1); o número de folhas comerciais, contando-se aquelas maiores que 3 cm de comprimento, iniciando-se pelas folhas basais até a última folha aberta; a massa da matéria fresca do caule (g) e; o comprimento do caule (cm), após a retirada das folhas. Verificou-se diferença nas características agronômicas avaliadas na fase de produção de mudas e no ponto de colheita, destacando-se aquelas provenientes de sementes dos EUA.