RESUMO -Avaliou-se a produção de mudas de L. canadensis em níveis de sombreamento e doses de esterco bovino adicionados ao substrato. O delineamento em fatorial 3 x 5 testou três níveis de sombreamento 35, 50 e 70 % e cinco doses de esterco 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 %. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de emergência e sobrevivência, tempo médio de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz, razão entre comprimento da parte aérea e da maior raiz, massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes, número de folhas, diâmetro do colo, teor de clorofila total e índice de qualidade de Dickson. Os sombreamentos de 50 e 70% favoreceram a germinação e emergência, entretanto para o desenvolvimento de L. canadensis os sombreamentos a 35 e 50% foram mais eficientes. O incremento de esterco ao substrato proporcionou melhor crescimento das mudas, em que, a adição de 60% foi superior as demais doses. Palavras-chave: almeirão roxo, cultivo protegido, esterco bovinoABSTRACT -Shading and substrate in the production of Lactuca canadensis L. seedlings. The production of L. canadensis seedlings at levels of shading and doses of bovine manure added to the substrate was evaluated. The 3 x 5 factorial design tested three levels of shading 35, 50 and 70% and five doses of manure 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60%. It was evaluated the percentage of emergence and survival, mean time of emergence, shoot and root length, ratio between shoot length and largest root, dry mass of shoots and roots, number of leaves, neck diameter, total chlorophyll content and Dickson quality index. The shading of 50 and 70% favored germination and emergence, however for the development of L. canadensis the shading at 35 and 50% was more efficient. The increase in manure to the substrate gave better growth of the seedlings, in which, the addition of 60% was superior to the other doses.

ABSTRACT-Timbó (Magonia pubescens A. St.-Hil.) is a species with ornamental potential, which can be used in composition of gardens, squares and especially in streets landscaping. It is also suitable for planting in degraded areas of permanent preservation. This work aimed to verify the effect of seed size, storage and pre-imbibition time on seed germination and vigor. The test design was completely randomized, in a plot scheme subdivided in time. The main plots were seed size (large and small), packaging (0.5 mm-thick transparent polyethylene and kraft paper bag), and time of imbibition in water (0, 12 and 24 hours); and as subplots, it was considerate the storage times (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months). The tests were carried out in five replications of ten seeds, and the evaluated variables were: water content of the seeds, percentage of germination (% G), mean germination time (MGT), shoot height (cm), collar diameter (mm), number of leaves, and fresh and dry mass of the aerial part (g). The size of the seed did not influence the germination percentage, but large seeds formed more vigorous seedlings. The storage did not affect seeds germination, nor the vigor of the seedlings. Seed preimbibition did not influence the percentage of germination, but the mean germination time decreased, and more vigorous seedlings were formed. In order to obtain more vigorous Timbó seedlings, the best option is to use large seeds. They can be stored for up to 12 months without losing vigor and pre-soaked to accelerate the beginning of germination, thus forming a more homogeneous lot of seedlings. . Index terms: timbó, Sapindaceae, native plant, seed storage.Germinação e vigor de sementes de Magonia pubescens A. St.-Hil. submetidas ao armazenamento e pré-embebição em água RESUMO -O timbó (Magonia pubescens A. St.-Hil.) é uma espécie com potencial ornamental, podendo ser usado na composição de jardins e praças e, principalmente, para arborização de ruas; é ainda indicado para plantios em áreas degradadas de preservação permanente. O objetivo neste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do tamanho das sementes, do armazenamento e do tempo de pré-embebição das sementes na sua germinação e vigor. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em parcela subdividida no tempo, sendo alocados na parcela principal: tamanho da semente (grandes e pequenas), embalagem (polietileno transparente com espessura de 0,5 mm e saco de papel kraft) e tempo de embebição em água (0, 12 e 24 horas); e nas subparcelas o tempo de armazenamento (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses), com cinco repetições de dez sementes. As características avaliadas foram o teor de água das sementes, a porcentagem de germinação (%G), o tempo médio de germinação (TMG), a altura da parte aérea (cm), o diâmetro do colo (mm), o número de folhas e as massas fresca e seca da parte aérea (g). O tamanho da semente não influenciou na porcentagem de germinação, porém, as sementes grandes formaram plântulas mais vigorosas. O armazenamento não prejudicou a germinação das sementes, nem mesmo o vigor das p...

The timbó (Magonia pubescens A. St.-Hil.) is a tree species of the family Sapindaceae occurring naturally in the Cerrados of Central Brazil. The objective of this study is to verify the influence of seed size, pre-soaking time in water and seedling production containers in the development of timbó seedlings. The experiment was completely randomized with a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial design (two seed sizes, three pre-soaking times in water and two seedling production containers) with four replicates composed of six containers, each containing one seed. Large seeds presented a better germination and a greater expressiveness of the characteristics evaluated in seedlings. The pre-soaking of seeds did not interfere with the final percentage of germination. However, it accelerated the germination process, favoring the formation of normal seedlings. The polyethylene bag favored base diameter, length and root fresh matter.

Restrição hídrica em teste de sanidade de diásporos de Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.Water restriction in sanity test in diaspores of Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.

The objective of this study was to verify levels of shade and doses of earthworm humus in the production of Lactuca canadensis L. seedlings.  The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme (four levels of shade and five doses of humus).  The different levels were obtained using black polyethylene screen with 35, 50 and 70% shade and in full sun. The substrates were obtained by mixing commercial substrate for vegetables (Vivatto Slim ® plus), with earthworm humus in the proportions of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60%.  There was no seedlings emergence in the full sun and, the treatment with 50% of shade allows the best development. The substrate without humus and with 60% presented superior results but the higher dose stood out for number of leaves (3.14) and chlorophyll content (32.9%), in 50% of shade. For the other variables, there was no difference between the commercial substrate and 60% of humus, so the commercial substrate can be used in the production of Lactuca canadensis L. seedlings, considering the ratio benefit/cost ratio.

Portulaca oleracea L., known as purslane, is an unconventional food plant rich in nutrients and medicinal properties, with potential for consumption and commercialization. The objective was to describe phenological stages of purslane based on BBCH (Biologische Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemische Industrie) scale and thermal sum at different times. Evaluations were made from two genotypes, the Golden variety and an access. Plants were observed during six consecutive periods, interspersed every two months. Thermal sum and base temperature were obtained considering the average temperature from seedling emergence to flowering and dispersion of the first capsule in 50% of the plants. The phenological cycle of Purslane based on the BBCH scale shows seven main stages, subdivided into secondary stages: germination (0); leaf development on the main branch (1); development of lateral branches (2); development of flower buds (5); flowering (6); seed dispersal (8); and senescence (9). The lower base temperatures (Tb) determined to flowering were 10 to 15 ºC for the variety Golden and access, respectively, since for seed dispersal, Tb was 9 and 13 ºC, respectively. Thermal requirements for Golden variety are 421.3 GD for flowering and 644.2 GD for seed dispersal, while for access they are 239.7 and 407.0 GD, respectively. Purslane as a food plant can be produced throughout the year in tropical region and may be best used if harvested until the plants reach 12 or 10 leaves.

A espécie Talinum triangulare propaga-se principalmente por sementes, no entanto, estacas retiradas dos ramos da planta têm potencial para enraizamento. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a influência da época de coleta, os tipos de estaca e substratos no enraizamento e brotação das estacas de T. triangulare. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, composto por quatro tipos de estacas (raiz, basal, mediana e apical), três substratos (comercial Vivatto®, areia lavada e esterilizada e vermiculita expandida fina) e quatro épocas de coleta das estacas (verão, outono, inverno e primavera). A avaliação do pegamento das estacas foi realizada aos 40 dias após o plantio, quando se observou a estabilização no número de brotações. Os melhores resultados para todas as variáveis analisadas foram obtidos em estacas de raiz, seguida das estacas basais. No outono foram observados os maiores percentuais de enraizamento das estacas. O substrato comercial proporcionou mudas mais vigorosas, no entanto a areia e a vermiculita foram eficazes na sobrevivência das estacas.

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