Background: Caries is a disease that occurs because of the fermentation carbohydrates process by microorganisms in the oral cavity. One of the bacteria that causes caries is Streptococcus sanguinis. These bacteria will colonize on the tooth surface, then form dental plaques and contribute to the causes of caries and other periodontal diseases. Kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) has various compounds such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids that have antimicrobial substances. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial effectivity of kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria. Method: This research was an experimental method laboratory (true experimental), with a randomized pre test and post test with control group design using 5 treatments: kasturi leaf extract (concentration: 20 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 30 mg/ml); and two groups of control: positive control and negative control. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Antibacterial activity testing used a liquid dilution method. Measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) used a Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer and measurement of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) used a colony counter. The MIC data were analyzed using One Way Anova and continued with the Dunnet Post Hoc test. MBC data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with the Mann-Whitney Post Hoc test. Result: One-Way Anova test showed that MIC had a significant difference, and the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that MBC also had significant differences. MIC was obtained at the concentration of 20 mg/ml and MBC was obtained at the concentration of 30 mg / ml. Conclusion: There is antibacterial effectiveness in kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis.
Background: One of the causing dental caries is a microorganism, namely Streptococcus mutans. Kecapi sentul leaves extract (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) contain alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, phenol, and triterpenoid which have antibacterial properties on the inhibition Streptococcus mutans which has the potential to prevent dental caries. Method: This research uses a laboratory experimental design with a post-test control group only design, using seven treatment groups, namely kecapi sentul leaves extract with the concentration of group 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% as positive control and aquadest as negative control were repeated 4 times. Result: Non parametric test Kruskal Wallis and Post Hoc Mann Whitney methods showed that each treatment group was significantly different in the diameter of the formed inhibition zone. The mean diameter of the inhibition zone with a concentration of 30% was 9.1 mm, 40% was 13.3 mm, 50% was 17.13 mm, 60% was 18.65 mm and 70% was 21.05 mm. Conclusion: Kecapi sentul leaves extract (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) with the concentration of group 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% have antibacterial potential against the growth of Streptococcus mutans.
Objective: Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can differentiate into bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament, they can be used to treat aggressiveperiodontitis. The limited number of MSCs requires replenishment of growth factor in the cell culture process. Since growth factor is quite expensive,an alternative material is needed. Mauli banana stem has antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Methanol extract of Mauli banana stem isknown to be toxic toward MSCs; therefore, another solvent with a non-toxic effect is needed, such as a water solvent. We analyzed the toxicity of Maulibanana stem water extract on MSC in vitro.Methods: In this laboratory experimental (true experimental) study with a Post-test Only Control Group Design, MSC cultures were treated withMauli banana stem water extract at 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/mL dosages. One group without any treatment served as a control group and onewas a media control group. Each group was incubated for 24 h and then was given 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidereagent and analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader.Results: One-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference.Conclusion: Mauli banana stem water extracts at 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg/mL were not toxic toward MSC in vitro, while dosages of 80 and 100 mg/mLdosage were toxic.
Background: Traditional wound treatment using herbal medicine is thought to maintain the health of families and society in general economically, effectively, and efficiently without inducing side effects. One genus of plant that can be used as a traditional medicine is the Mauli banana, indigenous to South Borneo. Mauli banana stem contains bioactive compounds, most of which are tannins along with ascorbic acid, saponin, β-carotene, flavonoids, lycopene, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Tanin has antibacterial and antioxidant effects at low concentrations, as wells as antifungal ones at high concentrations. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effects of Mauli banana stem extract at concentrations of 25%, 37.5%, and 50% on the quality of incised wound healing in male Rattus norvegicus rats by assessing FGF-2 expression and fibroblast concentration on days 3 and 7. Methods: This research represented an experimental laboratory-based investigation involving 32 rats of the Rattus norvegicus strain aged 2-2.5 months old. Sampling was performed using a simple random sampling technique since the research population was considered homogeneous and divided into 8 treatment groups (C3, M3-25, M3-37.5, M3-50, C7, M7-25, M7-37.5, M7-50). The rats in each group were anesthetized before their back was incised with length and width of 15x15mm with a depth of 2mm. Gel hydroxy propyl cellulose medium (HPMC) was applied to the incised wound of each rat in the control group, while stem Mauli banana extract was applied to that of each rat in the treatment groups three times a day at an interval of 6-8 hours. On day 3, four rats from each group were sacrificed, while, in the remaining groups, the same procedure was performed until day 7, at which point they (8 groups) were sacrificed for HE examination in order to assess the amount of fibroblast and for IHC examination to examine FGF-2 expression. Data regarding FGF-2 expression and the amount of fibroblast were analysed by means of One-way Anova and HSD. Results: The results showed that the Mauli banana stem extract could significantly improve the expression of FGF-2 and the amount of fibroblast cells compared to C3 and C7 groups. The highest increase in FGF-2 expression and fibroblast amount were found in all groups on days 3 and 7 treated with the Mauli banana stem extract at a concentration of 50%. Conclusion: There was an increase of FGF-2 expression and the amount of fibroblast cells in the incision wound healing process that induced with Mauli banana stem extract.
Background: Regenerative therapy has been progressing into the utilization of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). Nevertheless, the limited number of MSC has put growth factor as an essential supplement for cell culture media yet relatively unaffordable because highly priced. Alternative compound which cost reasonably is required. Exogenous phytochemical material in herbal plant extract may increase the number of MSC, one of which is mauli banana stem. Purpose: To analyze secondary metabolites identified in mauli banana stem water extract. Method: Mauli banana stem was macerated using water solvent to be analyzed qualitatively for alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, diterpen and steroid. Screening was followed by quantitative analysis to determine the total of alkaloid, flavonoid, condensed tannin and hydrolysable tannin. Result: Secondary metabolite compounds of mauli banana stem water extract were alkaloid (4.15%), hydrolysable tannin (1.055%), condensed tannin (0.42%) and flavonoid (0.31%). Conclusion: Mauli banana stem water extract has potential as alternative growth factor to increase the number of MSC in vitro.
Background: Ethanol extract of binjai leaves contain bioactive compounds in the form of flavonoid and saponin which is potential as anti-inflammatory, so it will be able to control the wound healing process. Binjai leaves extract can affect the number of neutrophil on inflammatory phase, as it is characterized by neutrophil cells infiltration to the wound tissue, so its number will increase at the beginning of inflammatory phase and decrease on the 3rd day. Objective: To prove the effect of binjai leaves extract in 1 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL, and 3 mg/mL which given topically to the number of neutrophil in day 1, 3, and 5 of wound incision on the back of male mice. Methods: The study design was a pure laboratory experimental study with post-test only with control group design which involved 36 mice divided into 4 groups: negative control group design which was given BR2 feed, treatment group which was given binjai leaves extract in 1 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL, and 3 mg/mL. Results: The result of One-way ANOVA showed that there was significant difference of all groups in day 1 (p=0.000), day 3 (p=0.001), and day 5 (p=0.000). Post-Hoc LSD test showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) between the negative control group and treatment groups. Conclusion: Binjai leaves extract has an effect to increase the number of neutrophil in day 1 and decrease the number of neutrophil in day 3 and 5 on the healing of back wound incision in mice.
Background: Periapical radiographic x-ray exposure can blood cells damage, such as platelets by forming free radicals indirectly or attacks DNA and RNA of cells directly. Antioxidants are needed to counteract the effects of free radicals from periapical radiographic x-ray exposure. One of the natural antioxidant compounds that can be used is kasturi leaf extract which contain flavonoid, phenol, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoid, and saponin. Objective: To measure and analyze the effect of kasturi leaf extract on platelets levels of male mice exposed to periapical x-ray radiography. Methods: This study used a true experimental method with a post test only design with a control group design. The samples were used 24 male mice aged 3-4 months which weighed 20-25 grams. Mice were divided into 4 groups, each group consisted of 6 mice. Mice were given kasturi leaf extract and exposed by x-ray periapical radiograph and platelets levels were measured with hematology analyzer automatically. Results: The results showed that the highest platelets level were found in the group that was only given kasturi leaf extract (P4), while the lowest group was in the group that was given kasturi leaf extract and exposed to periapical radiographs once (P1). Conclusion: The result of the study using ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference in each experimental group. Keywords : Kasturi leaf extract, Periapical radiography, Platelets ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Paparan sinar-X radiografi periapikal dapat merusak sel darah, salah satunya trombosit dengan cara membentuk radikal bebas secara tidak langsung atau mengenai DNA dan RNA dari sel secara langsung. Antioksidan diperlukan untuk menangkal efek radikal bebas dari paparan sinar-X radiografi periapikal. Senyawa antioksidan alami yang dapat digunakan salah satunya adalah daun kasturi yang mengandung flavonoid, fenol, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoid, dan saponin. Tujuan: Untuk mengukur dan menganalisis pengaruh ekstrak daun kasturi terhadap kadar trombosit mencit jantan yang dipapar sinar-X radiografi periapikal. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode true experimental dengan rancangan post test only with control group design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 24 ekor mencit jantan berusia 3-4 bulan yang memiliki berat badan 20-25 gram. Mencit dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok berjumlah 6 ekor mencit. Mencit diberi ekstrak daun kasturi dan dipapar sinar-X radiografi periapikal dan kadar trombosit diukur menggunakan hematology analyzer secara otomatis. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar trombosit tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok yang hanya diberi ekstrak daun kasturi (P4), sedangkan kelompok terendah terdapat pada kelompok yang diberi ekstrak daun kasturi dan dipapar sinar-X radiografi periapikal sebanyak 1 kali paparan (P1). Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian dengan uji ANOVA menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna tiap antar kelompok percobaan. Kata kunci: Ekstrak daun kasturi, Radiografi periapikal, Trombosit
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