Background: One of the causing dental caries is a microorganism, namely Streptococcus mutans. Kecapi sentul leaves extract (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) contain alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, phenol, and triterpenoid which have antibacterial properties on the inhibition Streptococcus mutans which has the potential to prevent dental caries. Method: This research uses a laboratory experimental design with a post-test control group only design, using seven treatment groups, namely kecapi sentul leaves extract with the concentration of group 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% as positive control and aquadest as negative control were repeated 4 times. Result: Non parametric test Kruskal Wallis and Post Hoc Mann Whitney methods showed that each treatment group was significantly different in the diameter of the formed inhibition zone. The mean diameter of the inhibition zone with a concentration of 30% was 9.1 mm, 40% was 13.3 mm, 50% was 17.13 mm, 60% was 18.65 mm and 70% was 21.05 mm. Conclusion: Kecapi sentul leaves extract (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) with the concentration of group 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% have antibacterial potential against the growth of Streptococcus mutans.
Introduction: Mauli banana stem and basil leaf extracts have an antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus because they contain flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, tannin, and eugenol. 1% povidone iodine is commonly used as an antiseptic and gargle for recurrent aphthous stomatitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Prolonged use of 1% povidone iodine is notable to possess adverse effects. Objective: To prove the antibacterial effect of mauli banana stem extract with 25% concentration, basil leaf extract with 12.5% concentration, and mauli banana stem and basil leaf combination extract with 25%, 50%, and 75% concentration on Staphylococcus aureus and compared to 1% povidone iodine. Methods: This study was applying the true experimental design with post-test only and control group design which consisted of 6 treatments. Group I was given with Mauli banana stem extract with 25% concentration, group II with basil leaf extract with 12.5% concentration, group III, IV, and IV with mauli banana stem and basil leaf combination extract with 25%, 50%, and 70% concentration, respectively. Meanwhile, group VI was given with 1% povidone iodine as a positive control. Each treatment had 4 times repetition. Antibacterial effectivity was assessed from the inhibition zone measurement of Staphylococcus aureus growth using the diffusion method. Results: This study revealed that the mean inhibition zone formed in group I was 6-6.2 mm, group II was 6-6.2 mm, group III was 6-6.9 mm, group IV was 7.6-8 mm, group V was 8-8.5 mm, and group VI was 10.6-11.8 mm. Conclusion: The antibacterial efficacy of mauli banana stem extract at 25% concentration, basil leaf extract at 12.5% concentration, mauli banana and basil leaf combination extract at 25%, 50%, and 75% concentration on Staphylococcus aureus has been proven but not equal to 1% povidone iodine’s efficacy. Keywords: Basil leaf extract, Diffusion method, Inhibition zone, Mauli banana stem extract, Staphylococcus aureus,.
Background: Mauli banana stem and basil leaves are natural ingredients that have the potential to be used as a treatment for Candida albicans infections. The methanol extract of mauli banana stem with 25% concentration is merely fungistatic which is still not capable to induce fungicidal effect, while the 100% concentration is known to be less effective than 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate. Adding basil leaves extract to mauli banana stem extract is expected to increase antifungal activities against Candida albicans. Purpose: to analyze the antifungal activity of mauli banana stem and basil leaves extract mixture with concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% against Candida albicans by dilution method. Method: This research used a true experimental method with a pretest–posttest control group design consisting of 11 treatments to obtain Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Result: The 10% concentration was identified as the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and no concentration could be classified as the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) because all treatment group still exhibited Candida albicans growth on the SDA medium. Conclusion: Mauli banana stem and basil leaves extract mixture has an MIC value of 10% and does not demonstrate any value for the MBC. Keywords: Basil leaf, Candida albicans, Mauli banana stem, MBC, MIC
Background: Tabat barito is a medicinal plant that has long been used by various ethnic groups in Indonesia, especially on the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan. The people of Kalimantan use tabat barito as a traditional medicine for women who have just given birth, enhance blood circulation and get energy. Tabat barito leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and phenolic compounds. Because of its use only based on the results of community trials and passed down orally, scientific research is needed for the chemical content or compounds contained therein. It aims to determine the bioactive profile of plants that play a role in therapy and their use can be accounted for. Purpose: To analyze the quantitative phytochemical test results of the methanol extract of tabat barito leaves (Ficus deltoidea Jack.) 100% concentration. Methods: Non-experimental research with quantitative laboratory examination to determine sample content. Results: The results showed that the total alkaloids content 154.31 mg/ml, flavonoids 62.917 mg/ml, steroids 49.036, and phenolic 99.689 mg/ml. Conclusion: The methanol extract of tabat barito leaves showed the content of alkaloid compounds at 154.31 mg/ml, flavonoids at 62.917 mg/ml, steroids at 49.036 mg/ml, and phenolics at 99.689 mg/ml. The compound with the highest total content was alkaloid at 154.31 mg/ml and the compound with the lowest total content was steroid at 49.036 mg/ml. Keywords: gravimetric, tabat barito leaves, uv-vis spectrophotometry, quantitative phytochemical test
Coronavirus 19, Knowing as COVID-19, is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 treatment is still limited to supportive and oxygen therapy. The use of drugs is on the complaints felt by patients and comorbidities. This study aims to look at drug use profiles in COVID-19 patients. This research was included in descriptive research with a retrospective cross-sectional design. This research data was the entire prescription sheet and medical records of COVID-19 patients for March-August 2020 that meet the inclusion criteria. The result from collecting COVID-19 patient data for March-August 2020 obtained 114 medical records that met the criteria for research inclusion. Research Result: Characteristics of study subjects of the male sex are more infected with COVID-19. The age range with the highest number of COVID-19 patients was 46-55 years. Treatment profiles often used in COVID-19 patients are Supplements and Vitamins for 6538 prescriptions and Antibiotics for 2813 prescriptions. The most prescribed supplements and vitamins are Vitamin C, Lakto B, Zinc, and Vitamin C. The most prescribed antibiotics are Azithromycin, Meropenem, and Levofloxacin. The conclusion obtained in this study is that Supplements and vitamins, and Antibiotics are the most prescribed drug class.
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