Oral administration of Toman fish extract is proven to accelerate wound healing in rat model of Diabetes Mellitus. Toman fish extract contains albumin which may elevate antioxidant level and reduce inflammation. These changes will later enhance cell proliferation and inflammatory cell activity in wound healing process. This study was aimed to determine the topical application effect of 20% toman fish extract on macrophages and lymphocytes in Diabetes Mellitus wound healing. It was an experimental research using post-test only with control group design. This study was performed on 36 diabetic male wistar rats which was comprised of negative control group without given any treatment, 20% Toman fish extract ointment group and 10% Haruan fish (Channa striata) extract ointment group. Rats were sacrificed on day 4, 8, and 14 to investigate wounded area with biopsy technique which later obtained histological preparation using Haematoxylin-Eosin staining. The preparation was then observed using microscope to count macrophages and lymphocytes number. One-Way ANOVA test demonstrated a significant difference in macrophage number on day 4 (p=0.002), day 8 (p=0.000), day 14 (p=0.000). The result of the test also indicated a significant difference in lymphocyte number on day 4 (p=0.001), day 8 (p=0.001), and day 14 (p=0.001). Furthermore, Post Hoc LSD test resulted in a significant difference (p<0.05) of macrophage and lymphocyte in day four, eight, and fourteen among all treatment groups. Toman fish extract ointment at 20% concentration for topical application may raise the number of macrophage and lymphocyte than those of negative control and 10% haruan fish extract ointment on day 4 and 8 with gradual decrease on day 14.
Background: Lactobacillus acidophilus is a bacterium which plays a role in dental caries. It is believed as a pioneering bacterium in advanced caries and much likely to be isolated in dentin caries zone, resulting in the needed for tooth restoration. The use of 2% Chlorhexidine digluconate as cavity cleanser is recommended as an effort to prevent seconday caries but can cause side effects. One of the natural materials that can be used as a cavity cleanser is ulin bark extract (Eusideroxylon zwageri), a traditional medicine originally from Kalimantan, because it contains phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, saponin and terpenoid. Purpose: To discover the inhibitory activity of ulin bark extract on Lactobacillus acidophilus growth. Methods: This was a true experimental laboratory and post test only with control group design, that used 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentrations of ulin bark extracts and K(+) 2% Chlorhexidine digluconate. Difussion method was used to test inhibitory activity with 6 treatment groups and 4 replications, comprising a total of 24 samples. All groups were incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC temperature. The inhibition zone was measured using calipers. Results: The 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentration of ulin bark extracts and 2% Chlorhexidine digluconate had an average inhibition zone of 7.17 mm, 9.02 mm, 11.14 mm, 13.06 mm, 15.17 mm and 19.22 mm. One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Bonferroni tests showed significant difference between all groups. Conclusion: Ulin bark extract can inhibit Lactobacillus acidophilus growth starting from 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentration.
Background: Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease that causes damage on periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The severity of periodontitis is caused by several types of bacterial species which one of them is Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria with a prevalence of 85% in oral cavity. The extract of kelakai leaf contained antibacterial in the form of flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, and steroid. Flavonoid consists of some chemical compounds which is one of them is quercetin. The level of quercetin in kelakai leaf is 503.56 mgQE/g. From some secondary metabolites, kelakai leaf has inhibitory power toward gram negative bacterial, Porphyromonas gingivalis. Objective: This research was intended to know the activity of inhibitory power of kelakai leaf toward Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. Method: This research was an experimental research consisted of 5 experimental groups that were group of kelakai leaf extract on the concentrations of 100 mh/ml, 75 mg/ml, 50mg/ml, and 25 mg/ml and the control group (0.2% chlorhexidine). Each treatment was done in 4 repetitions. The test of inhibitory power used diffusion method by measuring the inhibitory zone around the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Mueller Hinton Agar media. The data were analyzed by using One Way Anova 95% and then continued with LSD. Results: Based on the LSD test, it was known that the extract of Kelakai leaf had inhibitor power activity toward Porphyromonas gingivalis. The highest inhibitory zone was on the concentration of 100 mg/ml with inhibitory zone of 14.61 mm. Conclusion: The extract of kelakai leaf had inhibitory power activity toward Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro. Keywords: 0.2% chlorhexidine, Diffusion method, Inhibitory power, Stenochlaena palustris extract, Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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