Abstract. Samiyarsih S, Naipospos N, Palupi D. 2019. Variability of Catharanthus roseus based on morphological and anatomical characters, and chlorophyll contents. Biodiversitas 20: 2986-2993. Catharanthus roseus (L.) is an important medicinal plant of the family Apocynaceae used to treat many of the diseases. C. roseus also possess good antioxidant potential. The purpose of this research was 1) to determine the variability of C. roseus based on the morphological, anatomical characters and chlorophyll contents, 2) to know the differences in morphological, anatomical characteristics and chlorophyll contents of C. roseus found in Banyumas Regency. The research used a survey method, with a purposive sampling technique. Preparation of leaf for anatomical analysis was based on paraffin method. The results showed that C. roseus in Banyumas Regency were grouped into eight varieties. The morphological characters observed consisted of 21 characters, 8 quantitative characters, and 13 qualitative characters. Most of the quantitative morphological and anatomical characters were significantly diverse (p <0.05) except for petiole length, corolla number, stomata width and number of trichomata. The eight varieties of C. roseus have different chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents but their anthocyanin contents were not significantly different.
This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory of ethanolic extract of the leaf, fruit, and bark from breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis [Park.] Fosberg) which is traditionally used for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. Ethanolic extract of these compounds at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses was orally administered in chronic inflammatory rats induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant for 14 days to investigate their in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The maximum percentage of inflammation, serum levels of peroxide radicals, and liver superoxide dismutase activity were observed, and in vitro antioxidant was measured by using the scavenging of nitric oxide and 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals methods. Also, immunomodulatory activity was evaluated in mice by the relative weight of lymphoid organs, phagocytic index, delayed-type hypersensitivity response, and haemagglutinin titer. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content is in the leaf extract. Administration of leaf extracts Artocarpus altilis at 200 mg/kg dose showed a significant reduction in inflammation, decreased serum peroxide levels, and increased the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (p <0.05) compared to untreated rats. All three extracts also indicated in vitro antioxidant activity, with the leaf extract, was the most significant (p<0.05). The immunosuppressive effect of the leaf extract in the nonspecific and specific immune system was proven significant at 200 mg/kg dose. This result indicated that A. altilis leaf extract significantly revealed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunosuppressant activities at 200 mg/kg.
This study aims to determine the effect of altitude on the phytochemical and antioxidant content of sawi langit (Vernonia cinerea L.) root. Sawi langit is a herbaceous plant that has potential as a medicinal plant. This plant can thrive in the tropics. In this study, sawi langit were taken from three altitudes, namely <400 masl, 401-800 masl and >801 masl in the Banyumas, central Java. The sample used was sawi langit root which was extracted using 3 types of solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexan). Phytochemical tests showed positive results of the content of flavonoid, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins compounds in the extract of sawi langit root from the three altitude with differences effectiveness of each solvent. At an altitude of <400 masl and extraction using methanol resulted strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value 78.56 ± 3.2 μg/ml compared to an altitude of 401-800 masl and >801 masl
Vernonia cinerea L. (sawilangit) is a wild plant that has potential as a medicinal plant because of the secondary metabolites in each organ. This research aimed to explore the morphological and anatomical characters of the sawilangit that grow at different altitudes in Banyumas, Cilacap, and Purbalingga. Plant samples were taken using the purposive random sampling method at an altitude of <350 masl, 350–700 masl, and >700 masl. Sawilangit growing at <350 masl has superior morphological and anatomical characters than sawilangit growing at the other two altitudes, which have the characteristics of taller, wider leaf, larger stem diameters, and darker flower color. The observation on quantitative of morphological and anatomical characters showed that sawilangit at <350 masl has an average height of 66.17 cm, root diameter of 0.33 cm, stem diameter 0.32 cm, leaf length and width of 5.7 cm and 2.14 cm, and stomata index of 0.28. These results indicated that altitude <350 masl is suitable for sawilangit growth because it can produce optimal morphological and anatomical characteristics.
Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC) is an alternative food source that can be cultivated optimally. The application of mutation techniques on winged bean can provide genetic variations and have an essential role in the agricultural industry, especially in the assembly of superior cultivars. This research aimed to determine the anatomical response and chlorophyll content of winged plants undergoing mutations due to Cobalt 60 gamma-ray radiation and finding out the differences in the anatomical character between mutated and unmutated winged leaves. The experiments used a factorial, Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The factor I was winged plants and factor II was the concentration of Cobalt 60 radiation (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 grays), each with 5 replicates. The results showed that the Cobalt 60 gamma-ray radiation increased the cuticle and leaf mesophyll thickness, but decreased the stomatal length and density of winged leaves. Cobalt 60 ray radiation affects the chlorophyll content of winged leaves. The total chlorophyll content has increased significantly, followed by an increase in the amount of gamma-ray radiation. The exposure radiation time of 40 minutes gives a response of high anatomical character and chlorophyll content than the exposure for 20 minutes.
A study on the growth of plbs of intergeneric hybrids between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda ‘saint valentine’ on four different in vitro culture media was conducted. This study was aimed to find out the best growth medium for intergeneric hybrids between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda ‘saint valentine’, and to obtain medium producing the best roots for the hybrids. The media used were MS, NP, VW, and Knudson. The results showed that all four in vitro culture media were suitable for the hybrid’s growth. In addition, medium NP (New Phalaenopsis) produced the best and most extended root length. Hence, it is recommended to use the media for growing plbs of the intergeneric hybrids between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda ‘saint valentine’ before acclimatization.
Acanthus is the only genus of family Acanthaceae which occupies mangroves habitat. Despite the importance of Acanthus, collection, characterization and improvement of its germplasm is limited. Hence, this will hinder its effective conservation and utilization. Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify morphological variation of Acanthus in some estuarine areas of Cilacap Central java in relation to habitat. The method used in this study was survey with stratified sampling. The variables measured included, leaf shape, size, apex, base, margin, color and spine. The results of this study indicated that the different location affect some morphological characteristics. Most of the Acanthus population observed in this study have direction of stem axial spines facing upwards, green, inflorescences spika, petals large, light violet Similar to characters Acanthus ilicifolius has variations in leaf margin, leaf shape and size.
Background: Breadfruit [Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson ex F.A.Zorn) Fosberg] is a versatile plant that can be used by humans. Breadfruit has morphological variations that are thought to be related to anatomical variations that are formed as an adaptation mechanism to survive in a different area. This plant has the ability to live in different altitude ranges, from coastal areas to upland areas. This research was conducted for eight months in areas with altitude ranges of <350 masl, 350-700 masl, and >700 masl in Banyumas, Purbalingga, and Cilacap Regencies. Sampling of plants was carried out randomly selected (purposive random sampling), then described their morphological characteristics. Furthermore, the leaves are made for anatomical preservation to determine the anatomical character. Breadfruit plants that grow at an altitude of less than 350 m above sea level have the characteristics of a higher, larger diameter stem, have a tighter branching, more sap production, a higher number of fruit and have a larger fruit size. The anatomical characteristics of breadfruit plants that grow at an altitude of less than 350 masl have stomata characters that are wider and longer than those of 350-700 masl and > 700 masl. The highest stomata and trichomata density at an altitude > 700 masl. The highest mean cuticle thickness, epidermis, palisade ratio and mesophyll thickness were highest in breadfruit leaves at altitudes <350 masl.
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