LEAF EXTRACT OF Artocarpus altilis [Park.] Fosberg HAS POTENCY AS ANTIINFLAMMATORY, ANTIOXIDANT, AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory of ethanolic extract of the leaf, fruit, and bark from breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis [Park.] Fosberg) which is traditionally used for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. Ethanolic extract of these compounds at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses was orally administered in chronic inflammatory rats induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant for 14 days to investigate their in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The maximum percentage of inflammation, serum levels of peroxide radicals, and liver superoxide dismutase activity were observed, and in vitro antioxidant was measured by using the scavenging of nitric oxide and 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals methods. Also, immunomodulatory activity was evaluated in mice by the relative weight of lymphoid organs, phagocytic index, delayed-type hypersensitivity response, and haemagglutinin titer. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content is in the leaf extract. Administration of leaf extracts Artocarpus altilis at 200 mg/kg dose showed a significant reduction in inflammation, decreased serum peroxide levels, and increased the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (p <0.05) compared to untreated rats. All three extracts also indicated in vitro antioxidant activity, with the leaf extract, was the most significant (p<0.05). The immunosuppressive effect of the leaf extract in the nonspecific and specific immune system was proven significant at 200 mg/kg dose. This result indicated that A. altilis leaf extract significantly revealed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunosuppressant activities at 200 mg/kg.

The diuretic effect of ethyl acetate fractions of Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus champeden, and Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves in normotensive Wistar rats

“…The levels induce a diuretic and assist cardioprotective effects [ 16 , 35 ]. Flavonoid compounds and extracts of A. altilis were proved having antioxidant activity through in vitro and in vivo tests [ 8 , 36 , 37 ], as well as with A. heterophylus [ 38 ] and A. champeden [ 39 ].…”

“…They are rich in flavonoids, including prenylated flavonoids, prenylated chromones, prenylated aurons, chalcones, geranyl flavonoids, geranyl dihydrochalcones, and flavanones. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, antiarthritis, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities [ [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] ]. Artocarpus has traditionally been used in treating various diseases in Indonesia.…”

Formulation and Characterization of Transfersomal Containing Breadfruit Leaves (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fsb.) Ethanolic Extract

“…Breadfruit has been widely used empirically by the people of Indonesia, so research on the activity of breadfruit leaves has been widely carried out. Breadfruit leaves have been shown to have anti-tyrosinase activity (Nazliniwaty et al, 2016), anti-inflammatory (Fakhrudin et al, 2015), antidiabetic (Mai et al, 2012;Rante et al, 2019), anthelmintic (Magdeleine et al, 2010), immune suppressant (Palupi et al, 2020), antibacterial (Pradhan et al, 2013), and antihypertensive (Nwokocha et al, 2012).…”

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of sukun (Artocarpus altilis.) leaves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…Various parts of breadfruit are used as food, cosmetic medicine, clothing, treating diarrhea, high blood pressure, and asthma [5]. This plant has presented various pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial [5], antifungi [6], antioxidant [7], antiinflammatory [8], antidiabetic [9], anticancer [10], and antihyperlipidemic [11]. This plant contains terpenoid compounds, steroids, tannins, as it is known that tannins have good antioxidant and antibacterial activity [12].…”